Preventative medicine and nutrition

Question 1

what are the five social determinants of health?

Answer 1

1. neighborhood and built environment
2. health and health care
3. social and community context
4. education
5. economic stability

Question 2

what are the five leading causes of preventable death in the US?

Answer 2

1. heart disease
2. cancer
3. chronic lower respiratory tract infections
4. cerebrovascular diseases
5. unintentional injuries

Question 3

what is the largest contributor to premature death?

Answer 3

behavioral patterns

Question 4

what constitutes the epidemiology triangle?

Answer 4

1. agent
2. host
3. environment

Question 5

primordial prevention

Answer 5

prevent penetration of risk

Question 6

primary prevention

Answer 6

limit incidence by controlling causes / risks

Question 7

secondary prevention

Answer 7

interrupt disease before it is symptomatic

Question 8

tertiary prevention

Answer 8

limit physical and social consequences of symptomatic disease

Question 9

sensitivity

Answer 9

1. number of patients who have disease divided by all patients who have the disease
2. measures proportion of actual positives which are correctly identified

Question 10

specificity

Answer 10

1. number of patients who have a negative test and do not have the disease divided by number of people who do not have the disease
2. measures proportion of negatives which are correctly identified

Question 11

positive predictive value

Answer 11

likelihood that a patient with a positive test has the disease

Question 12

negative predictive value

Answer 12

likelihood that a patient who has a negative test is free of disease

Question 13

what are the barriers to care?

Answer 13

1. government
2. patient
3. clinicians
4. office