Obesity, energy balance, and cancer

Question 1

what % of cancers result directly from inheriting genes associated with cancer?

Answer 1

5-10%

Question 2

what parameters characterize metabolic syndrome?

Answer 2

1. abdominal obesity
2. insulin resistance or diabetes
3. hypertension
4. dislipidemia
5. fatty liver

Question 3

what are three outcomes of nutrient excess?

Answer 3

1. reactive oxygen species
2. impair functioning of endoplasmic reticulum
3. accumulation of long chain fatty acyl coenzyme A molecules driven by fructose

Question 4

VEGF is induced by what compound(s)?

Answer 4

insulin and IGF-1

Question 5

what enzyme found in adipose tissue converts adrenal androgens into estrogen?

Answer 5

aromatase

Question 6

what characterizes subclinical inflammation in visceral and white fat?

Answer 6

macrophages surrounding adipocytes

Question 7

obesity is linked to what types of cancers?

Answer 7

1. endometrial
2. colorectal
3. esophageal
4. kidney
5. pancreas
6. post-menopausal breast

Question 8

what is the most effective single intervention for preventing cancer in experimental animals?

Answer 8

restriction of energy intake from food