Nutrition and cardiovascular disease I and II Flashcards
what constitutes lipoproteins?
- cholesterol
- cholesterol esters
- TGs
- apolipoproteins
- phospholipids
what are the atherogenic lipoproteins?
chylomicron remnants, VLDL remnants, LDL
what are the non-atherogenic lipoproteins?
chylomicrons, HDL, VLDL
what is the function of chylomicrons?
transport of fat-soluble molecules from intestine to other organs
chylomicrons are cleaved by what enzyme to to release molecules to various sites?
lipoprotein lipase
what is carried in chylomicrons?
- TGs
- cholesterol
- vitamin A and beta-carotene
- vitamin D
- vitamin E
- vitamin K
what is the role of VLDLs?
- transport lipids from liver to muscles and other organs
2. transport cholesterol, TGs, vitamin E
what enzymes are contained in HDL?
LCAT and apoE
what are the functions of HDL?
- transfer apoCII and apoE to chylomicrons and VLDL to regulate their metabolism
- take up cholesterol from LDL and VLDL and phospholipids from VLDL
- reverse transport of cholesterol (removal from peripheral tissues)
myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids are what type of fat?
saturated
what are the “good” fatty acids?
linoleic, a-linoleic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexanoic
what are the “bad” fatty acids?
myristic, palmitic, stearic
MUFAs have a higher or lower melting point than PUFAs?
higher
which monounsaturated fatty acids have 16:1 and 18:1 orientations, respectively?
palmitoleic and oleic
what is the role of eicosanoids?
signaling molecules, used in growth during and after physical activity, in immunity and inflammation, and as messengers in the CNS
what are eicosanoids made from?
20 carbon FAs
which eicosanoids are pro-inflammatory?
those from N6 oils
which enzymes inactivate ROS as they are created?
SOD, catalase
which proteins and metabolites protect against aqueous environments within and outside cells?
albumin, uric acid, ascorbic acid
what is responsible for regenerating a-tocopherol after it has scavenged a free radical?
ascorbic acid
what catalyzes the first step in the process of aldosterone production?
renin
where does angiotensis exert its functions?
blood vessel, brain, kidney, adrenal glands
how does hypokalemia increase the risk of stroke?
stimulating renin secretion and causing vascoconstriction
with every 10kg drop in body weight, how much does BP drop?
5-20 mm Hg
what is the current recommendation for daily salt intake?
less than 2300 mg per day
