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PH 111 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lec) > PRELIM 03 - Glycosides > Flashcards

PRELIM 03 - Glycosides Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond

A

Glycosides

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2
Q

Sugar portion of glycosides

A

Glycone

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3
Q

Non-sugar portion of glycosides

A

Aglycone

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4
Q

The glycoside present in Ginseng

A

Ginsenoside

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5
Q

Sugar molecule is combined with phenol or -OH group of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

O-glycosides

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6
Q

Sugar molecule is directly attached with C- atom of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

C-glycosides

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7
Q

Sugar molecule is combined with the -SH group of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

S-glycosides

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8
Q

Example of S-glycoside

A

Sinigrin

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9
Q

Sugar molecule is combined with N of the -NH group of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

N-glycosides

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10
Q

Example of N-glycoside

A

Nucleoside

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11
Q

Glucose molecules are attached with the aglycone part by both C and O linkages (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

C&O-glycosides

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12
Q

Example of C&O-glycoside

A

Cascaroside (from Cascara)

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13
Q

The sugar portion is glucose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Glucoside

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14
Q

The sugar portion is rhamnose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Rhamnoside

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15
Q

The sugar portion is pentose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Pentoside

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16
Q

The sugar portion is fructose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Fructoside

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17
Q

The sugar portion is arabinose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Arabinoside

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18
Q

Its aglycone is digitoxigenin (Types of glycosides based on aglycone)

A

Sterol

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19
Q

Its aglycone is glycyrrhetinic acid (Types of glycosides based on aglycone)

A

Saponin

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20
Q

Its aglycone is benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid (Types of glycosides based on aglycone)

A

Cyanogentic

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21
Q

Examples include digitalis and squill (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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22
Q

Examples include senna and aloe (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

A

Laxative glucoside

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23
Q

Examples include liquorice (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

A

Anti-ulcer glycoside

24
Q

Examples include black and white mustard (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

A

Local irritant

25
Q

Examples include Salix bark (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

A

Analgesic and antipyretic

26
Q

__________ have specific action on the cardiac tissues by increasing the force of systolic contraction (Types of glycosides)

A

Cardiac glycosides

27
Q

Cardiac glycosides contain a __________ nucleus

A

Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene (CPPP)

28
Q

2 aglycones of cardiac glycosides (CB)

A

Cardenolide, Bufadienolide

29
Q

The solution turns to blue or violet color; confirms the presence of cardenolide aglycone (Tests for cardiac glycosides)

A

Keddie’s test

30
Q

The solution appears blue or violet; confirms the presence of cardenolides and bufadienolides (Tests for cardiac glycosides)

A

Antimony trichloride test

31
Q

The acid layer shows a reddish-purple ring; indicates the presence of digitoxose (Tests for cardiac glycosides)

A

Keller-Killiani test

32
Q

Violet color slowly changes to blue color; confirms the presence of cardiac glycosides (Tests for cardiac glycosides)

A

Raymond’s test

33
Q

Is a derivative of anthracene, which consists of three fused benzene rings

A

Anthraquinone

34
Q

Glycosides that contain anthraquinone, anthrone, anthranol, dianthranol, oxanthrone, and dianthrone as aglycone part (Types of glycosides)

A

Anthraquinone glycoside

35
Q

This test is performed for O-glycosides; presence of rose pink color (Tests for anthraquinone glycosides)

A

Brontrager’s test

36
Q

This test is performed for the presence of C-glycosides; presence of rose pink color (Tests for anthraquinone glycosides)

A

Modified Brontrager’s test

37
Q

Glycosides that contain sapogenin as the aglycone (Types of glycosides)

A

Saponin glycosides

38
Q

__________ have the property of producing froth upon shaking

A

Saponin glycosides

39
Q

Saponin glycosides have a __________ effect, which means that it is irritating to the mucous membrane

A

Sternatatory

40
Q

Refers to the toxic aglycone of saponin glycosides

A

Sapotoxins

41
Q

Saponins that are common tetracyclic triterpenoids; made up of 27 C (Types of saponin glycosides)

A

Steroidal saponins

42
Q

Triterpenoids that are made up of 30 C (Types of saponin glycosides)

A

Pentacyclic triterpenoids

43
Q

The solution of drug is placed in water in a test tube, shake well, and stable froth is formed (Tests for saponin glycosides)

A

Froth formation test

44
Q

Solution of saponin sample is added to a few mL of blood in normal saline and mixed well (Tests for saponin glycosides)

A

Hemolysis test

45
Q

In hypertensive patients, __________ increases fluid and sodium uptake and promotes potassium depletion

A

Glycyrrhizin

46
Q

____________ is an extract made from pure liquorice and is used as an ingredient in aromatic cascara sagrada

A

Pure glycyrrhiza extract

47
Q

The extract is treated with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid (Tests for triterpenoid glycosides)

A

Salkowski test

48
Q

In the Salkowski test, the formation of __________ color at the lower layer indicates the presence of steroids

49
Q

In the Salkowski test, the formation of a __________ color indicates the presence of triterpenoids

50
Q

Yield hydrocyanic acid as one of the products; used as a flavoring agent, anticancer, and control for sickle cell anemia (Types of glycosides)

A

Cyanophore glycosides

51
Q

Test for the presence of cyanogenic glycosides

A

Grignard test (+ result: brick red/red coloration)

52
Q

Constituent of cyanophore glycosides

53
Q

Drug is mixed with dilute sulfuric acid and sodium picrate is added; red color is produced (Tests for cyanophore glycosides)

A

Sodium picrate test

54
Q

Drug solution is mixed with mercuric acetate; drug acetate forms and mercury is separated (Tests for cyanophore glycosides)

A

Mercuric acetate test

55
Q

Found in the Brassica family; a sulfur link is present between the glycone and aglycone (Types of glycosides)

A

Isothiocyanate glycosides

PH 111 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lec) (7 decks)

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