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PH 111 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lec) > PRELIM 02 - Crude Drugs > Flashcards

PRELIM 02 - Crude Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

3 sources of crude drugs (PAM)

A

Plants, Animals, Minerals

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1
Q

Are natural substances which have undergone the process of collection and drying

A

Crude drugs

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2
Q

Found as sedimentary deposits and as weathering or hydrothermal alternation products of rocks

A

Clay

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3
Q

Used to stop bleeding and for a condition that involves swelling and sores in the mouth

A

Kaolin

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4
Q

Used as a treatment for diarrhea; derived from kaolin

A

Kao-pectate

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5
Q

A soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is a component in toothpaste and is used as a filter to clarify syrups and sugar

A

Kieselguhr/Diatomaceous Earth/Diatomite

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6
Q

5 steps for preparation of crude drugs (CHDCG)

A

Collection, Harvesting, Drying, Curing, Garbling

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7
Q

Ensuring the true natural source of the drug (Steps in crude drug preparation)

A

Collection

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8
Q

The time wherein the drug in a part of a plant is highest in its content

A

Collection time

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9
Q

__________ are collected when photosynthesis is active (Collection process)

A

Flower tops/leaves

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10
Q

____________ are collected when fully matured (Collection process)

A

Seeds

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11
Q

__________ are collected prior or just about the time of pollination (Collection process)

A

Flowers

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12
Q

__________ and __________ are collected during dry weather (Collection process) (GO)

A

Gums, Oleoresin

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13
Q

__________ are collected near its ripening period (Collection process)

A

Fruits

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14
Q

__________ is collected from citrus fruits (Collection process)

A

Pectin

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15
Q

__________ is collected from unripe citrus fruits (Collection process)

A

Protopectin

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16
Q

____________ is collected from citrus fruits that are just ripe (Collection process)

A

Pectin

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17
Q

__________ is collected from citrus fruits that are overripe (Collection process)

A

Pectic acid

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18
Q

__________ is collected from the young leaves of marijuana (Collection process)

A

Cannabidiol

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19
Q

__________ is collected from the mature leaves of marijuana (Collection process)

A

Cannabicol (THC)

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20
Q

3 equipment used in harvesting (PMB)

A

Picker, Mower, Binder

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21
Q

Removes moisture to ensure good keeping qualities; it also stops the action of enzymes & other chemical reactions and fixes the active ingredient in a drug product (Steps in crude drug preparation)

A

Drying

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22
Q

3 types of drying (AAV)

A

Air drying, Artificial drying, Vacuum drying

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23
Q

Is a special drying process that enhances the properties of the plant’s active ingredient (Steps in crude drug preparation)

A

Curing

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24
The final step; involves the removal of extraneous matter such as other parts of the plant, dirt, and adulterants (Steps in crude drug preparation)
Garbling
25
4 factors that affect packing, storage, and preservation (MLTI)
Moisture, Light, Temperature, Insects
26
4 storage materials that can be used in packing, storage, and preservation (PBSC)
Paper boxes, Barrels, Sacks, Cans
27
Uses the organs of senses (Evaluation of crude drugs)
Organoleptic
28
Evaluating the microscopic appearance of a drug (Evaluation of crude drugs)
Microscopic
29
Involves bioassay procedures, which are assays that uses living animals or excited organs to evaluate the effect of drugs (Evaluation of crude drugs)
Pharmacologic
30
Rooster is used in the bioassay of __________
Oxytocin
31
Pigeon is used for the bioassay of __________
Digitalis
32
Cats are used for the bioassay of __________
Atropine
33
Involves assay of active constituents using chemicals (Evaluation of crude drugs)
Chemical evaluation
34
The best method for determining official potency
Titration
35
Test for cottonseed oil (Chemical evaluation tests)
Halphen's test
36
Test for Ergot (Chemical evaluation tests)
Van Urk's reagent
37
Test for purine bases (Chemical evaluation tests)
Murexide test
38
Test for tropane alkaloid (Chemical evaluation tests)
Vitalis test
39
Positive result for Mayer's reagent
Cream ppt
40
Positive result for Dragendorff's reagent
Orange brown ppt
41
Using physical constraints to determine the purity of drugs (Evaluation of crude drugs)
Physical
42
Is measured on air-dried basis (Physical evaluation)
Moisture content
43
The index of drug composition standardizing liquid drugs (Physical evaluation)
Viscosity
44
The index of purity (Physical evaluation)
Melting point
45
Used to determine if drug is optically active; determined at 25°C using sodium lamp as the light source (Physical evaluation)
Optical rotation
46
Ratio of velocity of the light in vacuum/velocity in the substance (Physical evaluation)
Refractive index
47
The residue remaining after incineration (Physical evaluation)
Ash content
48
Approximate measure of the chemical constituents of a drug (Physical evaluation)
Extractives
49
Arranged alphabetically either in Latin name or in English name (Classification of crude drugs)
Alphabetically
50
Arranged to taxonomic orders (Classification of crude drugs)
Taxonomic
51
Based on the pharmacologic action of chief active constituent (Classification of crude drugs)
Pharmacologic
52
Based on the chemical nature of the most important constituents (Classification of crude drugs)
Chemical
53
Substandard drug regardless of cause (Adulteration of crude drugs)
Inferiority
54
Microbial attack (Adulteration of crude drugs)
Spoilage
55
Impairment in the quality of the drug (Adulteration of crude drugs)
Deterioration
56
Addition of one article to another; caused by ignorance, carelessness, or accident (Adulteration of crude drugs)
Admixture
57
May be intentional or deliberate (Adulteration of crude drugs)
Sophistication
58
An entirely different article is sold or used (Adulteration of crude drugs)
Substitution
59
Process used to obtain the desirable portion of a drug and eliminate the inert material
Extraction
60
Extraction uses a selective solvent known as the __________
Menstruum
61
Refers to the undissolved portion of the drug in the extraction process
Marc
62
Refers to the product of the extraction process
Percolate/Extractive
63
Appropriate solvent for fats
Hexane
64
Appropriate solvent for resins
Alcohol
65
Appropriate solvent for chlorophyll
Acetone
66
Appropriate solvent for chrysarobin
Hot benzene
67
Drugs which contain water soluble active constituents; examples include tannins, sugars, and glycosides (Types of extractives)
Water soluble extractives
68
Used to determine approximate resin content of drug; the official method for the assay of myrrh and asofoctida (Types of extractives)
Alcohol soluble extractives
69
May be volatile or non-volatile (Types of extractives)
Ether soluble extractives
70
Are soluble extractives; represent the volatile oil of the drug (Types of ether soluble extractives)
Volatile ether
71
Represents resins, fixed oil, and coloring matter (Types of ether soluble extractives)
Non-volatile ether
72
Uses hot water; has less contact time (Methods of extraction)
Infusion
73
Soaked in solvent for long period of time regardless of the temperature (Methods of extraction)
Maceration
74
Continuous extracting process (Methods of extraction)
Percolation
75
<30°-40°C; uses slow heat (Methods of extraction)
Digestion
76
Uses boiling water (Methods of extraction)
Decoction
77
Involves partitioning (Methods of extraction)
Liquid-liquid extraction
78
Used for volatile substances (Methods of extraction)
Distillation
79
__________ metabolites are active constituents
Secondary
80
The process of producing secondary metabolites is known as __________ and __________ (DB)
Drug biogenesis, Biosynthesis
81
__________ contains cannabidiol and cannabinol
Cannabis sativa
82
Japanese peppermint has __________% more menthol
40%
83
__________ contains vinca alkaloids
Catharantus roseus (Chichirica)
84
__________ are secondary metabolites produced in plants for protection versus infection
Phytoalexins
85
From Slenda (Examples of phytoalexins)
Resveratrol
86
From Solanum tuberosum (Examples of phytoalexins)
Scopoletin
87
A defensive sesquiterpene produced by wild tobacco and capsicum species (Examples of phytoalexins)
Capsidiol
88
Capsidiol is produced in response to the fungal pathogen __________
Alternaria alternate
89
Are those that strengthen immune response of plants
Adaptogens

PH 111 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lec) (39 decks)

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