Prca revision questions

Question 1

What mode of deveolpment does this species have?

Answer 1

Velvet worms have direct development

Question 2

What form of deveopment does this species have what are the advantages of this development?

Answer 2

hemimetabolous: means there is no pupae stage where species can not acquire resouses or may be vunerable.

Question 3

What form of deveopment does this species have what are the advantages of this development?

Answer 3

holometabolous development allows for the larva to be completely adapted to the function of food acquisition and adult stage to be completely adapted to dispersal/reproduction. allows the nymph and adult to live in different niches, reducing competition.

Question 4

What form of deveopment does this species have what are the advantages of this development?

Answer 4

holometabolous development allows for the larva to be completely adapted to the function of food acquisition and adult stage to be completely adapted to dispersal/reproduction. allows the nymph and adult to live in different niches, reducing competition.

Question 5

What form of deveopment does this species have what are the advantages of this development?

Answer 5

hemimetabolous: means there is no pupae stage where species can not acquire resouses or may be vunerable.

Question 6

Match the following vertebrate gut diagrams to the list of likely diets?

Answer 6

Freshly, killed vertebrate flesh

Question 7

Match the following vertebrate gut diagrams to the list of likely diets?

Answer 7

Almost exclusively flying insects

Question 8

Match the following vertebrate gut diagrams to the list of likely diets?

Answer 8

Fish and other large marine prey

Question 9

Match the following vertebrate gut diagrams to the list of likely diets?

Answer 9

Reasonably good quality grass

Question 10

Match the following vertebrate gut diagrams to the list of likely diets?

Answer 10

Poor quality leaves accessible only from within trees

Question 11

Match the following vertebrate gut diagrams to the list of likely diets?

Answer 11

Extremely large quantities of very poor quality vegetation

Question 12

What enviroments is internal fertilisation and planktonic larvae favoured as a stratergy?

Answer 12

Marine invertebrates with internal fertilisation and planktonic larvae are most likely to occur in cold, unpredictable environments.

Question 13

What groups tend to have internal fertilisation and planktonic larvae?

Answer 13

Many marine gastropods exhibit this life history strategy.

Question 14

What groups of marine invertibrates have direst devlopment and internal fertilisation?

Answer 14

direct devlopment occurs in advanced gastropods, some Crustaceans (e.g. Amphipods, Isopods), Cephalopods (i.e. octopus, cuttlefish, squid), and Chaetognathes (arrow worms).

Question 15

What are the advatages of direct development in marine invertabrates?

Answer 15

• if the adults are very mobile and dispersal can be achieved despite the presence of non-dispersive immature stages.
• if ecological conditions are such that planktonic larvae would not be well-suited to the environment (e.g. the littoral zone).
• if ecological conditions are such that it is beneficial for offspring to mature in the same place as their parents (e.g. areas with localised or patchy resources)

Question 16

What life history stratergy is the most common in marine invertibrates?

Answer 16

external fertilisation and planktonic larvae

Question 17

What is the primary advantage of the external fertilisation and planktonic larvae statergy in marine invetebrates?

Answer 17

It allows sesslile organisms to disperse

Question 18

What are the primary advantages and disadvantages of an exoskeleton?

Answer 18

Advantages

• Provides rigid external protection
• Strong

Disadvantages

• Must be shed to grow
• Very heavy at larger sizes

Question 19

what does bein Plantigrade mean? What are its advantages?

Answer 19

Plantigrade: Animals that walk with their weight spread over the whole palm or sole of their manus and pes (hands and feet).

• Provides foot stability and weight bearing ability

Question 20

What does being Digitigrade mean? what are its advatages?

Answer 20

Digitigrade: Animals that walk with their weight bearing on the pads of their phalanges (toes/fingers).

Question 21

What does being Unguligrade mean? what are its advatages?

Answer 21

Animals that walk with their weight bearing on the ends of their nails/claws, which are often thickened to become hooves.

Question 22

What are the advantages of being Digitigrade and Unguligrade?

Answer 22

Both digitigrade and unguligrade increase the efficiency of running by improving storage and recovery of energy.

Question 23

What degree of sociallity does this animal likely have?

Answer 23

solitary

Question 24

What degree of soliality does this animal likely have?

Answer 24

likely lives in groups as the teeth indicate it eats grass

Question 25

For this specimen list the reproductive mode and whether an intromittent organ is present?

Answer 25

oviparity, no intromittent organ(cloacal kissing)

Question 26

For this specimen list the reproductive mode and whether an intromittent organ is present?

Answer 26

oviparity and intromittent organ(penis)

Question 27

For this specimen list the reproductive mode and whether an intromittent organ is present?

Answer 27

viviparity and has a intromiitent organ

Question 28

What groups of animlas are known to be Ovoviviparous?

Answer 28

sharks, rays, snakes, fish

Question 29

Draw a Mammal heart complete with labels of the major arteries and cambers

Answer 29

Question 30

What are the structures at each of the numbers?

Answer 30

1. Gills
2. body tissues
3. ventral aorta
4. Vena cava
5. dorsal aorta
6. ventricle
7. Atrium
8. bulbus arteriosus
9. sinus venosus

Question 31

What part of the ECG does the atria contract?

Answer 31

p- wave

Question 32

What does the QRS complex represent?

Answer 32

The ventricles contracted in the QRS complex pushing blood into the pulmonary and systemic circuits

Question 33

What happens in the T-wave

Answer 33

repolariszation of the ventricles meaning that the ventricles expand in the T wave allowing blood back in

Question 34

What advantages does increased spinal flextion give?

Answer 34

In order to increase stride length and speed, many mammals have increased the ability to flex the vertebral column with sagittal flexion and extension.

Question 35

What kind of lever is this?

Answer 35

First class lever

Question 36

what class of lever is this?

Answer 36

Second calss lever

Question 37

What kind of lever is the elbow joint?

Answer 37

Third class lever

Question 38

What is a biological example of a second class lever?

Answer 38

Found in the ankle when standing on tiptoe the ball of the foot acts as the fulcrum, the weight of the body acts as the load and the effort comes from the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Question 39

What kind of lever is this

Answer 39

Third class lever

Question 40

What is a biological example of a first class lever?

Answer 40

example in the body is the skull as it sits atop the first vertebrae(atlas) fulcrum (atlanto-occipital joint) is in between the load (front of the skull) and the effort (neck extensor muscles)