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BIO2242 > Lecture 8 - Asexual reproduction > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Asexual reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is reporduction?

A

The act or process of producing offspring

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2
Q

Two modes of Animal reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

New individual whose genes all come from the one parent (clone)
no fusion of eggs and sperm (agametic)

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4
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Offspring from fusion of haploid gametes to form a zygote

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5
Q

Agametic

A

No gametes
Fission
Budding Fragmentation

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6
Q

Pathenogenetic

A

Development of unfertilised eggs
Offspring from a single cell
Apomixis
Automixis

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7
Q

Apomixis

A

Eggs from mitosis

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8
Q

Automixis

A

Eggs from meiosis

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9
Q

Why be Asexual?

A

Removes the requirement to locate a mate
Facilitates rapid reproduction
Perpetuates successful genotypes

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10
Q

What animals are asexual?

A

Protozoa
Metazoans
Some invertebrates
Some vertebrates

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11
Q

Fission (Agametic reproduction)

A

Separation of a parent into two or more individuals

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12
Q

Budding (Agametic reproduction)

A

New individuals arise from outgrowths in existing ones

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13
Q

Fragmentation (Agametic reproduction)

A

Parent’s body broken into several irregular pieces, with some or all regenerating into complete adults

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14
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

<1% of animals

Development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell

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15
Q

Apomixis (parthenogenesis)

A

clonal offspring produced from unfertilized eggs, eggs made by mitosis e.g., aphids

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16
Q

Automixis (Parthenogenesis)

A

Development of unfertilized single egg, eggs made by meiosis e.g., lizards

17
Q

Gynogenesis

A

sperm only used for egg activation and the egg develops without the sperms nucleus (female clone) e.g., some flatworms, bivalve molluscs, moths, fish

18
Q

Hybridogenesis

A

Hybrids contain a genomic mix of parental species, but only pass on one of the parent’s genomes
Paternal DNA discarded at oogenesis

19
Q

Haplodiploidy (parthenogenesis)

A

Unfertilized haploid eggs develop into males
Fertilised diploid eggs develop into females
e.g.., bees

20
Q

Spontaneous mutation

A

a random change in the DNA arising from errors in replication that occur randomly

21
Q

interspecific hybridization

A

sexual reproduction between members of different species

Asexual hybrids can have high fitness and heterozygosity

22
Q

Contagious parthenogenesis

A

Pass asexuality genes into sexual populations

Produce new parthenogenetic populations

23
Q

Induction by Bacteria

A

Bacteria makes a species asexual

24
Q

Geographical and Ecological characteristics of Asexual

A 
High latitude
Habitat: simple, recent, disturbed
Climate: Temperate
Water: fresh
Resources: unpredictable
25
Q

Geographical and ecological characteristics of sexual

A 
low latitude
Habitat: complex, old, stable
Climate: tropical
Water: marine
Resources: predictable

BIO2242 (33 decks)

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