Lecture 21 - Brains Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of a typical neuron?

A

axon
dendrites
cell body (soma)

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2
Q

What are the different kinds of brain maps?

A

Somatosensory
Visual pathways
Mapping sound

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3
Q

What is the path of a typical reflex arc?

A

Sensory neuron -> Interneuron -> Motor neuron -> Effector

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4
Q

In order for a neuron to be triggered it has to?

A

depolarize enough to reach the threshold

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5
Q

Monosynaptic reflex arc

A

simplest network possible. goes straight from sensory to motor neuron no interneuron.

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6
Q

Polysynaptic reflex arc

A

reflex arc that does involve interneuron

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7
Q

What are the two ways of processing and integrating neuron signals?

A

Feed forward and Feed back neural circuits

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8
Q

feed forward convergence

A

take information from multiple neurons to a single neuron

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9
Q

feed forward divergence

A

information from one neuron splits across multiple neurons.

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10
Q

what are the two kinds of feedback

A
feedback inhibition(reduce signal) 
positive feedback(increase signal)
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11
Q

What are the different levels of Nervous system organisation?

A

Network (no ganglia)
Ventral ladder (ganglia)
Dorsal tube (enlarged frontally)
Encephalisation: Brain

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12
Q

What is the enlarged mass at the end of the Dorsal nerve cord

A

brain

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13
Q

What are the primary vesicles of brain?

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
spinal cord

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14
Q

What are the major divisions of the tripartite brain?

A

Forebrain
Brainstem
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain

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15
Q

what is the purpose of the cerebellum?

A

motor coordination

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16
Q

what is the purpose of the Optic lobe / tectum?

A

sensory integration

17
Q

what is the purpose of the Thalamus?

A

sensory relay centre

18
Q

In what groups is the Cerebrum most developed?

A

Most developed in birds and mammals

19
Q

What is the Cerebrum divided into?

A

Paleocortex (rhinencephalon)
Limbic system, e.g. hippocampus (spatial learning,
memory)
Neocortex (cerebral cortex)

20
Q

What is the Ratio of brain:spinal cord in fish, humans and amphibians?

A

Fish and amphibians 1:1
Humans 55:1

21
Q

What is the disadvantage of having a large brain?

A

‘Expensive-tissue hypothesis’
The brain is very metabolically demanding to run

22
Q

Are sensory and motor areas close to each other encoded close to one another on the brain? What species demonstrates this?

A

yes most of the time
star nose mole

23
Q

does light go through the nerves or the photoreceptors first?

A

nerves

24
Q

What processing of information is done before the signal reaches the brain in the visual pathway?

A

Colour vision(different cones detect different wavelengths)
Contrast enhancement
-Lateral inhibition
Conversion of many receptors to larger
receptive field
-comparison
-conversion

25
Q

What is the purpose of lateral inhibition?

A

edge detection

detecting the movment of light

26
Q

How does lateral inhibition work?

A
27
Q

Layers of information processing in visual pathway?

A

Retina

Photoreceptor Bipolar cell Ganglion cell

Tectum / Thalamus

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Primary visual cortex

Left side of both eyes to left side of visual cortex

28
Q

What is the LGN?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

29
Q

What part of the LGN is colour processed?

A

parvocellular

30
Q

What part of the LGN is movement and brightness processed?

A

magnocellular

31
Q

How doe you dect location of sound?

A

the difference in signal between ear

32
Q
A