Lecture 4 - Feeding part 1: Invertebrate feeding patterns

Question 1

Fundamental ways to obtain food

Answer 1

Herbivory
Carnivory
Detritivory
Symbiosis

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Synthesize complex molecules from simple inorganic substances

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

Obtain energy by consuming other organisms

Question 4

Food materials

Answer 4

Plant
Animal
Symbiosis

Question 5

Digestive systems

Answer 5

No gut cavity

Gut cavity present

Question 6

Basic feeding modes

Answer 6

Deposit feeding

Suspension feeding

Question 7

Plant material as food

Answer 7

Low quality

Low assimilation efficiency

Question 8

What do animals require to eat plant material

Answer 8

Ability to bite and chew
Space and time
Special enzymes

Question 9

Animal material as food

Answer 9

High quality

High assimilation efficiency

Question 10

What do animals require to eat animal material

Answer 10

Sophisticated feeding strategies

Question 11

Symbionts and their products as food

Answer 11

Host must accommodate the symbiont

Question 12

How is very small food eaten?

Answer 12

Endocytosis followed by intracellular digestion

Question 13

How is larger food eaten?

Answer 13

Digestive system

Extracellular digestion

Question 14

No gut cavity

Answer 14

Food engulfed by endocytosis e.g., protozoans and sponges

Question 15

Gut cavity

Answer 15

Some digestion by enzymes in gut
Ingest larger food masses
Greatly increase surface area for absorption

Question 16

Types of gut

Answer 16

Simple sac-like gut

Tube-like gut

Question 17

Simple sac-like gut

Answer 17

Single opening - 2-way flow

e.g., flatworms

Question 18

Tube-like gut

Answer 18

Two openings, mouth and anus - 1-way flow

Allows specialisation of gut regions

Question 19

Protozoans food sources

Answer 19

Deposit feeders
Filter feeders
Parasites
Carnivores
Herbivores

Question 20

Filter feeder (Sponges)

Answer 20

Perforated tube
Small current created by choanocytes
Intracellular digestion

Question 21

Carnivores (Cnidaria)

Answer 21

2-way sac-like gut
Intracellular and extracellular digestion
Capture prey using Cnidae
Cnidae used to sting or adhere prey

Question 22

Flatworms (Carnivores and detritivores)

Answer 22

2-way sac-like gut
Pharynx
Wrap around prey or entangle in slime
Food swallowed whole or in pieces
Digestion first extracellular then engulfed

Question 23

Platyhelminthes (flukes and tapeworms) - Parasites

Answer 23

No gut cavity
Neodermis and glycoproteins
Attachment using hooks/suckers

Question 24

Annelids - segmented worms

Answer 24

True coelom
1-way gut
Wide range of feeding styles

Question 25

Annelids - carnivores

Answer 25

Eversible muscular pharynx

Jaws

Question 26

Annelids - Direct deposit feeders

Answer 26

Non-selective
Ingest sediment and assimilate organic material
Very low organic matter content

Question 27

Annelids - Indirect deposit feeders

Answer 27

Selective

Select food using tentacles

Question 28

Annelids - Filter feeders

Answer 28

Cilia create current through radioles
Food transported along groove
Sorted by particle size