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bio2242 > Lecture 7 - Feeding IV > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Feeding IV Flashcards

1
Q

What is the food quality of vegetation?

A

Low food quality
Low assimilation
efficiency

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2
Q

How do herbivores get past the cell wall of plants?

A

Complex dentition

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3
Q

What are the enlarged regions in a herbivores gut for?

A

Enlarge region of gut for symbiotic relationship
with bacteria
Bacteria hydrolyse cellulose
Mammals digest bacterial products

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4
Q

What are the Herbivore digestive strategies?

A

Foregut fermenters e.g. cows, sheep

Hindgut fermenters e.g. horses, rabbits

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5
Q

Where do hindgut fermenters derive energy?

A

fermenters

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6
Q

Where do Foregut fermenters derive energy?

A

Derive most energy from microbial

fermentation of cell wall

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7
Q

What is ruminating?

A

Regurgitating and rechewing food

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8
Q

Where does fermentation occur in foregut fermenters?

A

Microbial fermentation occurs in the forestomach

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9
Q

What is the rate limiting step in Foregut fermenters?

A

Foregut-midgut junction is rate-limiting

step – only small particles pass through

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10
Q

WHy might foregut fermenters be considered detritivores?

A

only eat food after it has been decayed by bacteria

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11
Q

What is the advantage of foregut fermentation?

A

Efficient at obtaining energy from

plant material

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12
Q

What is the purpose of restricting food passage through the gut?

A

Restricted passage of food through gut
Prolong retention
Increase extent of fermentation

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13
Q

What conditions must food fulfil to be useible for foregut fermenters?

A

Relatively low in fibre (higher quality)

Relatively high in protein

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14
Q

What problems when food is too low for foregut fermenters?

A

Not enough protein and Too much fibre means – cannot pass to midgut

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15
Q

What problems when food is too high for foregut fermenters?

A

Too much protein causes Excess gas production can lead to death by bloat

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16
Q

Where does Microbial fermentation occurs in small hindgut fermenters

A

Caecum

17
Q

Where does Microbial fermentation occurs in large hindgut fermenters

A

Colon

18
Q

What is Caecotrophy? Why is it done?

A

Ingest faeces to obtain protein from

bacteria

19
Q

What happens to large particles in caecum fermenters?

A

Large particles expelled

20
Q

What happens to small particles in caecum fermenters?

A

Small particles selectively retained

21
Q

What advantage doe hindgut fermentation have over foregut fermentation for large animals?

A

Passage of food is unrestricted means more lower quality food can be eaten

22
Q

What are the key characteristics of Hindgut fermenters?

A 
Invest in digestion of cell contents
Less efficient at extracting energy
Consume large quantities of food
Can detoxify food before it gets to bacteria
Fewer restrictions on food quality
23
Q

What food preparation is done by dentition?

A

Release cell contents

Facilitate fermentation of cell wall

24
Q

Why is it Important to reduce size of food particles?

A

Increase rate and extent of fermentation and

digestion

25
Q

What are the dentition features and purposes of foregut fermenters?

A

Shorter tooth row as can Rechew partly softened material while resting
Bacteria assist

26
Q

What are the dentition features and purposes of Hindgut fermenters?

A

Longer tooth row as Only get one chance.

Must rupture many cells to release contents

27
Q

what food characteristics do browsers usually deal with?

A

Relatively good quality
Patchy distribution or difficult to access
Chemical deterrents

28
Q

Browsers typical features?

A

Low crown teeth
Selective feeders
Solitary

29
Q

Grazers typical features?

A

High crown, continually growing teeth
Lawn mowers
Social

30
Q

what food characteristics do Grazers usually deal with?

A

Relatively poor quality
Abundant
Very abrasive

31
Q

What does allometric scaling mean for metabolism?

A

Smaller animals have higher metabolic

requirements

32
Q

What doe the higher metabolic requirements mean for feeding habits?

A

Require high quality food

Must be selective

33
Q

What food types are available to smaller animals

A

Invertebrates

Nectar/pollen

34
Q

What food requirements do large animals have?

A

Require large quantities of food

35
Q

What adaptations do large have to allow them to eat large quantities of food?

A 
Hindgut fermenters (elephant)
    -Complex guts
    -Complex teeth
Filter feeders (blue whale)
      -Simple guts
      -Baleen filter

bio2242 (33 decks)

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