Lecture 6 - Feeding III

Question 1

What does the Eltonian pyramid describe?

Answer 1

Biomass decreases with

increasing trophic level

Question 2

What are the reasons for the Eltonian pyramid?

Answer 2

energy is lost due to
Assimilation efficiency
Respiration

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Animal material as food?

Answer 3

Easy to digest
Rapid to assimilate
Can be difficult to
ingest
Locate
Capture

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Vegetation as food?

Answer 4

Abundant
Difficult to digest
Slow to assimilate

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Fruits, nectar, seeds,

exudates as food?

Answer 5

Patchily distributed
Easier to digest
More rapidly assimilated

Question 6

What are the features of Fish(Osteichthyes) Carnivores?

Answer 6

Large stomach
Short intestine
Wide gape
Teeth prevent escape

Question 7

What are the features of Fish(Osteichthyes) Herbivores?

Answer 7

Reduced stomach
Long intestine
Narrow gape
Teeth for crushing or scraping food

Question 8

What are the feeding habits of Amphibian Larvae?

Answer 8

wide range of feeding type
Carnivores
Omnivores
Herbivores
Detritivores

Question 9

What are the feeding characteristics of adult amphibians?

Answer 9

Carnivores
Swallow prey whole
Dentition weak
Tongue

Question 10

are most reptiles meat eaters or plant eaters?

Answer 10

while reptiles can be Carnivores, Omnivores, herbivores most species trend towards meat eating?

Question 11

What is the range of diets found in birds?

Answer 11

Carnivores and
insectivores
Granivores
Nectarivores
Frugivores
Herbivores

Question 12

What feeding modifications have birds made due to flight?

Answer 12

No teeth

Gizzard

Question 13

What are the features of the Invertebrates as a food type?

Answer 13

Exoskeleton

Easily digested

Question 14

What adaptations have insectivores made to counter exoskeletons?

Answer 14

Cutting-grinding teeth to Puncture and crush exoskeletons

Question 15

What kind of guts do most insectivores have?

Answer 15

Short, simple guts

Question 16

What are the features of vertebrates of as food?

Answer 16

Exposed flesh
Easily digested
often have Defenses

Question 17

What kind of teeth do species that eat vertebrates usually have?

Answer 17

Shearing/Tearing teeth

Question 18

What are the features of Nectar/pollen as a food type?

Answer 18

Liquid/particulate
Easily digested
Low in protein
Patchily distributed
Difficult to access

Question 19

What is the disadvantage of eating nectar/pollen?

Answer 19

Low in protein
Patchily distributed
Difficult to access

Question 20

What adaptations have nectavores evolved to counteract these disadvantages?

Answer 20

Short, simple guts
     -High intake
     -Supplement diet
Highly mobile/agile
Brushy tongue

Question 21

What are the features of fleshy fruits as food?

Answer 21

Fleshy
Easily digested
Patchily distributed
Difficult to access

Question 22

What the feeding adaptations of fruit eaters?

Answer 22

Simple crushing teeth
Short, simple guts
Highly mobile

Question 23

What are the features of exudates as a food source?

Answer 23

Must seep from a wound
in tree
Relatively easily digested
Low in protein
Patchily distributed

Question 24

What adaptations have animals that eat plant exudates evolved?

Answer 24

Wounding weapons
Short, simple guts
High intake
Supplemented diet
Highly mobile

Question 25

What levels of complexity do Seeds/hard fruits have?

Answer 25

complex guts