***Practice Final*** Flashcards
A common medication error involves drug names that look or sound alike. One such pair is Adderall and Inderal. What are these two drugs? A. Methylphenidate and Isuprel B. Amitriptyline and Metoprolol C. Bupropion and Buspirone D. Fentanyl and Enalapril E. Dextroamphetamine and Propranolol
Dextroamphetamine and Propranolol
A nursing student reads that 10 mg of Morphine is considered to provide the same pain relief as 200 mg of Codeine, another analgesic. The student knows from this information that Morphine is more \_\_?\_\_ than Codeine. A. Expensive B. Popular C. Potent D. Rare E. Long lasting
Potent
Accolate and Accutane have been confused many times on hand-written and phone orders, because the names are so similar. Accolate is used to treat asthma. Accutane is for acne. This is a scary error because of the serious nature of the hazards associated with Accutane. Which of the following best expresses these significant risks?
A. Hemolytic anemia and other blood dyscrasias
B. Cancer
C. Potent teratogenicity, severe depression, psychosis, benign intracranial hypertension, serious skin reactions including Steven Johnson’s Syndrome, pancreatitis, elevations in serum triglycerides, hearing impairment, liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.
D. Cardiovascular disease and stroke
E. Suicidal ideation and liver failure
Potent teratogenicity, severe depression, psychosis, benign intracranial hypertension, serious skin reactions including Steven Johnson’s Syndrome, pancreatitis, elevations in serum triglycerides, hearing impairment, liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.
Aldactone and Apresoline are both used in patients with hypertension, so are often confused. One is a diuretic and the other a vasodilator. Aldactone is __?__ and Apresoline is __?__.
A. Spironolactone and Hydralazine
B. Verapamil and Sildenafil
C. Amlodipine and Diltiazem
D. Furosemide and Nitroprusside
E. Hydrochlorothiazide and Nitroglycerin
Spironolactone and Hydralazine
Amantadine and Ranitidine have similar looking and sounding names. In which patient would you question the order for Ranitidine?
A. A 20 year old male with psychosis experiencing drug-induced tremors
B. A 35 year old female with duodenal ulcers
C. A 60 year old male treated for hypertension experiencing heart burn symptoms
D. A 65 year old female with benign gastric ulcers
E. A 25 year old with allergic rhinitis complicated by GERD
A 20 year old male with psychosis experiencing drug-induced tremors
Ativan is ofen confused with the trade name for Zolpidem which is: A. Aricept B. Antivert C. Artane D. Actos E. Ambien
Ambien
Benazepril and Benadryl are mistaken for each other. In which patient would this error be possible?
A. A 15 year old female with acne
B. A 75 year old female with osteoporosis
C. A 3 month old with allergic rhinitis
D. A 60 year old male treated for hypertension
E. A 20 year old male treated for diabetes mellitus type 2
A 60 year old male treated for hypertension
Celebrex is confused with Celexa. Celexa is an antidepressant while Celebrex is a(n): A. Antidepressant B. Anticoagulant C. NSAID used to treat arthritis D. Antihypertensive E. Typical antipsychotic
NSAID used to treat arthritis
Chlorpheniramine has been accidentally substituted for Cholestyramine due to their look-alike names. Which statement best summarizes what will happen to a patient expecting to take Cholestyramine who takes chlorpheniramine instead?
A. They will become very sleepy due to lowered blood glucose.
B. Blood cholesterol levels may increase putting the patient at risk for a cardiovascular event.
C. Since both drugs are antihistamines, they may only notice less sedation.
D. They will develop a Superinfection as Chlorpheniramine is antibiotic.
E. Cholestyramine is an antiarrhythmic, so they may be at risk for torsade de pointes.
Blood cholesterol levels may increase putting the patient at risk for a cardiovascular event.
Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is most similar to: A. Aspirin B. Eptifibatide C. Aminocaproic acid D. Bivalirudin E. Clopidogrel
Bivalirudin
Dantrium and Danazol have similar names. Danazol is a synthetic steroid used mainly to treat endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease. Dantrium is: A. Dantrolene, an antispasmodic B. Digoxin, an antiarrhythmic C. Donepezil, an Alzheimer’s medication D. Lithium, a mood stabilizer E. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine
Dantrolene, an antispasmodic
Deltasone and Trazodone are mistaken for each other. In patient taking Deltasone chronically, this substitution could result in a fatal withdrawal syndrome that mimics:
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Adrenal hyperactivity (Cushing’s syndrome)
E. Adrenal insufficiency
Adrenal insufficiency
Demerol and Desyrel have been mistaken for each other with serious consequence. Additionally, both are available as 100 mg white tablets. Unfortunately, if a patient has been taking Desyrel and then takes Demerol, they are at a much higher risk of: A. Steven Johnson’s syndrome B. Hemolytic anemia C. Serotonin syndrome D. Hypotension E. Thrombocytopenia
Serotonin syndrome
Diazepam has been inappropriately substituted for Midazolam. Which statement best sums up why this is a problem?
A. Only midazolam can be used in the elderl
B. They are in different drug classes
C. Only midazolam is a respiratory depressant
D. Only diazepam is available as a parenteral
E. They have vastly different half lives
They have vastly different half lives
Diazepam is mistaken for many drugs including Diltiazem. Diazepam is most often used as an anxiolytic or a sedative-hypnotic. Someone taking Diltiazem probably has which condition? A. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease B. Psychosis C. Depression D. Ulcers E. Hypertension
Hypertension
Doxepin and Donepezil have sufficiently similar looking names that poorly handwritten orders have been mistakenly filled with the inappropriate drug. In which of the following patients would this be a very difficult error to catch?
A. A 45 year old male treated for hypertension
B. A 3 month old with allergic rhinitis
C. A 20 year old male treated for diabetes mellitus type 2
D. A 15 year old female with acne
E. A 75 year old female with depression
A 75 year old female with depression
Eldepryl and Enalapril can be mistaken for each other, especially on hand written orders. In which situation could substituting Eldepryl for Enalapril be a fatal error?
A. Patient who no longer takes antidepressants.
B. Patient on a low salt diet, rich in fruits and vegetables.
C. Patient with a local diet rich in Spam, and other processed meats.
D. Patient adhering to the DASH diet.
E. Patient avoiding OTC decongestants as part of a heart-healthy routine to reduce hypertension.
Patient with a local diet rich in Spam, and other processed meats.
Erythromycin and Azithromycin are both Macrolide antibiotics, however they are substantially different in several respects. None-the-less, the generic names are similar enough to cause confusion. If someone has been prescribed Azithromycin and is given Erythromycin, what is the most obvious problem?
A. Azithromycin is only dosed SID for 1-5 days, while Erythromycin requires a course lasting 7-14 days given BID or QID, so there will probably be treatment failure.
B. Erythromycin is a prokinetic and may cause diarrhea.
C. They have vastly different spectra of antibacterial action.
D. A & B, not C
E. A & C, not B
Azithromycin is only dosed SID for 1-5 days, while Erythromycin requires a course lasting 7-14 days given BID or QID, so there will probably be treatment failure.
Flomax and Fosamax clearly have look-alike, sound-alike names. If each of these patients is taking several medications, WHICH is MOST likely to have been prescribed FOSAMAX and NOT Flomax?
A. A 50 year old male with urinary retention
B. A 45 year old male treated for erectile dysfunction
C. A 60 year old male treated for hypertension
D. A 75 year old female with osteoporosis
E. A 65 year old male with benign prostatic hypertrophy
A 75 year old female with osteoporosis
Gabapentin has been confused with Guaifenesin. Guaifenesin is \_\_?\_\_ while Gabapentin is \_\_?\_\_. A. Expectorant/Anti-seizure B. Analgesic/Antitussive C. Surfactant/Analgesic D. Mucolytic/Anesthetic E. Decongestant/Antiarrhythmic
Expectorant/Anti-seizure
Lamivudine and Lamotrigine are often confused because of the similarity in both the sound and look of their names, but these drugs have very different indications. Lamivudine is an antiviral drug used to treat HIV-AIDs and Lamotrigine is a(n) \_\_?\_\_ A. Oral antihyperglycemic for DMT2 B. Antihypertensive C. Anti-seizure medication D. Antiarrhythmic E. Antiemetic
Anti-seizure medication
Lexapro and Celexa are both antidepressants in the same class that are commonly confused. Their generic names, Escitalopram and Citalopram are very similar. But the dosage of Escitalopram is about half that of Citalopram. Why is this?
A. Citalopram is the isolated, active isomer so it is more potent
B. Citalopram is old and worn out
C. Escitalopram is the isolated, active isomer so it is more potent
D. Escitalopram has a chemically improved structure
E. Resistance and tolerance have not developed to Escitalopram yet
Escitalopram is the isolated, active isomer so it is more potent
Lomotil (Diphenoxylate + atropine) has been accidentally given instead of Lamictal (Lamotrigine). Which of the following is a serious consequence of this substitution that could affect the patient expecting to take Lamictal? A. Increased seizure frequency B. Diarrhea C. Tremors D. Hypertension E. Vivid dreams
Increased seizure frequency
