(18) Micro 2 SLO Flashcards
A patient is given linezolid to treat a diabetic foot infection. Which of the following indicates they understand the nurse’s instructions?
A. Avoid processed meats high in Tyramine like Spam.
B. Report any changes in vision immediately.
C. Return in one week for a blood test (CBC).
D. Do not take any OTC cold products.
E. All the above
All the above
A Superinfection caused by antibiotic therapy may consist of:
A. Clostridium difficile infection
B. Bacterial overgrowth
C. Candida infection or other yeast overgrowth
D. Any new infection by another organism during therapy, usually with an antibiotic. It may be viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal or helmintic.
E. Any of the above
Any of the above
Aminoglycosides and Clindamycin should not be given with \_\_?\_\_ because of curare-like effects. They may also trigger a myasthenic syndrome. A. Theophylline B. Warfarin C. Aspirin D. Loop diuretics E. Neuromuscular Junction Blockers
Neuromuscular Junction Blockers
Aminoglycosides are associated with __?__.
A. Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia), diarrhea, colitis, and grey baby syndrome
B. 8th cranial nerve damage, curare-like effects, kidney failure, confusion, depression, numbness, and photosensitivity.
C. A decreased seizure threshold.
D. Severe photosensitivity
E. Severe GI effects including exacerbation of pre-existing colitis, bone marrow depression, and enhanced NMJB activity.
8th cranial nerve damage, curare-like effects, kidney failure, confusion, depression, numbness, and photosensitivity.
Antibiotic resistance is potentially a result of:
A. Altered permeability of the bacterial cell
B. Inactivation of the antimicrobial agent by the bacterium
C. Alteration of the target site
D. Replacement of a sensitive pathway with a new resistant enzyme
E. Any of the above
Any of the above
Avoid combining aminoglycosides and \_\_?\_\_ because this combo predisposes the patient to ototoxicity (especially hearing loss). A. P450 inhibitors B. Warfarin C. Erythromycin D. Theophylline E. Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Because Chloramphenicol is known to cause fatal blood dyscrasias, other drugs that cause \_\_?\_\_ should be avoided. A. P450 inhibition B. Bone marrow suppression C. P450 induction D. Ototoxicity E. Inhibition of COX
Bone marrow suppression
Before giving Linezolid, any serotonergic drugs must be discontinued and the patient monitored because linezolid is associated with __?__.
A. 8th cranial nerve damage.
B. Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia), diarrhea, colitis, and grey baby syndrome.
C. MAOI activity
D. A decreased seizure threshold.
E. Severe photosensitivity
MAOI activity
Chloramphenicol is associated with __?__
A. A decreased seizure threshold.
B. 8th cranial nerve damage.
C. Severe GI effects including exacerbation of pre-existing colitis.
D. Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia), diarrhea, colitis, and grey baby syndrome.
E. Severe photosensitivity
Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia), diarrhea, colitis, and grey baby syndrome.
Chronic chloramphenicol treatment is associated with __?__
A. Optic and peripheral neuropathies
B. Severe photosensitivity
C. A decreased seizure threshold.
D. Staining of permanent teeth during development.
E. 8th cranial nerve toxicity
Optic and peripheral neuropathies
Clindamycin is associated with __?__.
A. Severe photosensitivity
B. 8th cranial nerve damage, curare-like effects, kidney failure, confusion, depression, numbness, and photosensitivity.
C. Severe GI effects including exacerbation of pre-existing colitis. It can also depress bone marrow function, and enhance NMJB
D. MAOI activity
E. Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia), diarrhea, colitis, and grey baby syndrome.
Severe GI effects including exacerbation of pre-existing colitis. It can also depress bone marrow function, and enhance NMJB
Clindamycin solutions contain benzyl alcohol which may cause \_\_?\_\_ (note: any pharmaceutical containing benzyl alcohol may cause this, not just clindamycin). A. Gasping syndrome in neonates B. Torsade de pointes C. Hearing loss D. Grey baby syndrome E. Neuromuscular junction blockade
Gasping syndrome in neonates
Due to the risk for serotonin syndrome, Linazolid should not be given with serotonergic drugs (e.g, SSRIs) or OTC (\_\_?\_\_) decongestants A. Anti muscarinic B. Anticholinergic C. Sympathomimetic D. Antihistaminic E. Cholinergic
Sympathomimetic
Erythromycin is a \_\_?\_\_ and can cause levels of theophylline, digoxin and CCBs to become toxic. A. Potent antifungal B. Tetracycline antibiotic C. Potent P450 inhibitor D. Diuretic E. Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Potent P450 inhibitor
Erythromycin predisposes the elderly to \_\_?\_\_ A. Torsade de pointes B. Vestibular (balance) problems C. 8th cranial nerve damage D. Hearing loss E. Blood dyscrasias
Torsade de pointes