Practical 4(Reflexes and Senses)

Question 1

rapid, predictable, involuntary motor responses to stimuli

Answer 1

reflexes

Question 2

visceral reflexes

Answer 2

autonomic reflexes

Question 3

Usually not aware of these reflexes
They activate smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands of the body and they regulate body functions(ie/digestion, elimination blood pressure, salivation and sweating)

Answer 3

autonomic reflexes

Question 4

reflexes that involve stimulation of skeletal muscles (ie/ withdrawl of a hand from a hot object)

Answer 4

somatic reflexes

Question 5

site of stimulus action

Answer 5

receptor

Question 6

transmits afferent impulses to the CNS

Answer 6

sensory neuron

Question 7

consists of one or more neurons in the CNS

Answer 7

integration center

Question 8

conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector organ

Answer 8

motor neuron

Question 9

an example of this reflex arc is the simple knee jerk reflex

Answer 9

monosynaptic

Question 10

most reflexes, more complex and involve the participation of one or more interneurons in the reflex arc pathway

Answer 10

polysynaptic

Question 11

types of somatic reflexes

Answer 11

patellar reflex, crossed-extensor reflex, superficial cord reflex, plantar reflex, corneal reflex, and gag reflex

Question 12

these are important postural reflexes, normally acting to maintain posture, balance, and locomotion

Answer 12

stretch reflexes

Question 13

what should occur during the calcaneal tendon reflex?

Answer 13

plantarflexion

Question 14

this is more complex than the stretch reflex and consists of a withdrawal followed by extension

Answer 14

crossed extensor reflex

Question 15

these result from pain and temperature changes; they are initiated by stimulation of receptors in the skin and mucus

Answer 15

superficial cord reflexes

Question 16

important neurological test

Answer 16

plantar reflex

Question 17

what should happen during the plantar reflex?

Answer 17

toes curling

Question 18

absence of this reflex indicates damage to the brain stem

Answer 18

corneal reflex

Question 19

this tests the somatic motor responses of cranial nerves IX and X

Answer 19

gag reflex

Question 20

any reflex observed on one side of the body when the other side has been stimulated

Answer 20

contralateral response

Question 21

any reflex occurring on the same side stimulated

Answer 21

ipsilateral response

Question 22

what should happen during the ciliospinal reflex?

Answer 22

pupil dialation

Question 23

what are the effectors of the salivary reflex

Answer 23

glands

Question 24

7 reflexes classified as somatic reflexes

Answer 24

abdominal reflex, calcaneal tendon reflex, corneal reflex, crossed extensor reflex, gag reflex, plantar reflex, and patellar reflex

Question 25

the two stretch reflexes

Answer 25

calcaneal tendon reflex and patellar reflex

Question 26

the two superficial cord reflexes

Answer 26

plantar reflex and abdominal reflex

Question 27

two spinal cord mediated reflexes

Answer 27

patellar and cross extensor

Question 28

react to stimuli

Answer 28

sensory receptors

Question 29

react to touch, pressure, pain heat, cold, stretch, vibration etc

Answer 29

general sensory receptors

Question 30

vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste

Answer 30

special senses

Question 31

how are sensory receptors classified

Answer 31

type of stimulus, structure, body location

Question 32

react to stimuli in the external environment

Answer 32

exteroceptors

Question 33

respond to stimuli arising within the body

Answer 33

interoceptors

Question 34

respond to internal stimuli but are restricted to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue; they provide info about body movements and position by monitoring the degree of stretch

Answer 34

proprioceptors

Question 35

cutaneous receptors and proprioceptors

Answer 35

general sensory receptors

Question 36

Least specialized of the cutaneous receptors that respond to pain and temperature

Answer 36

nonencapsulated nerve endings(free)

Question 37

free nerve endings that associate with specific epidermal cells form _________ ______

Answer 37

tactile(Merkel) discs

Question 38

free nerve endings that entwine in hair follicles form _____ _______

Answer 38

hair follicle receptors

Question 39

consists of the lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct

Answer 39

lacrimal apparatus

Question 40

situated superior to the lateral aspect of each eye

Answer 40

lacrimal glands

Question 41

tears flush across eyeball through this

Answer 41

lacrimal puncta

Question 42

this empties into the nasal cavity

Answer 42

nasolacrimal duct

Question 43

antibacterial enzyme

Answer 43

lysozyme