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Anatomy And Pysiology > Practical 4(Reflexes and Senses) > Flashcards

Practical 4(Reflexes and Senses) Flashcards

1
Q

rapid, predictable, involuntary motor responses to stimuli

A

reflexes

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2
Q

visceral reflexes

A

autonomic reflexes

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3
Q

Usually not aware of these reflexes
They activate smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands of the body and they regulate body functions(ie/digestion, elimination blood pressure, salivation and sweating)

A

autonomic reflexes

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4
Q

reflexes that involve stimulation of skeletal muscles (ie/ withdrawl of a hand from a hot object)

A

somatic reflexes

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5
Q

site of stimulus action

A

receptor

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6
Q

transmits afferent impulses to the CNS

A

sensory neuron

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7
Q

consists of one or more neurons in the CNS

A

integration center

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8
Q

conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector organ

A

motor neuron

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9
Q

an example of this reflex arc is the simple knee jerk reflex

A

monosynaptic

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10
Q

most reflexes, more complex and involve the participation of one or more interneurons in the reflex arc pathway

A

polysynaptic

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11
Q

types of somatic reflexes

A

patellar reflex, crossed-extensor reflex, superficial cord reflex, plantar reflex, corneal reflex, and gag reflex

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12
Q

these are important postural reflexes, normally acting to maintain posture, balance, and locomotion

A

stretch reflexes

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13
Q

what should occur during the calcaneal tendon reflex?

A

plantarflexion

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14
Q

this is more complex than the stretch reflex and consists of a withdrawal followed by extension

A

crossed extensor reflex

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15
Q

these result from pain and temperature changes; they are initiated by stimulation of receptors in the skin and mucus

A

superficial cord reflexes

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16
Q

important neurological test

A

plantar reflex

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17
Q

what should happen during the plantar reflex?

A

toes curling

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18
Q

absence of this reflex indicates damage to the brain stem

A

corneal reflex

19
Q

this tests the somatic motor responses of cranial nerves IX and X

A

gag reflex

20
Q

any reflex observed on one side of the body when the other side has been stimulated

A

contralateral response

21
Q

any reflex occurring on the same side stimulated

A

ipsilateral response

22
Q

what should happen during the ciliospinal reflex?

A

pupil dialation

23
Q

what are the effectors of the salivary reflex

24
Q

7 reflexes classified as somatic reflexes

A

abdominal reflex, calcaneal tendon reflex, corneal reflex, crossed extensor reflex, gag reflex, plantar reflex, and patellar reflex

25
Q

the two stretch reflexes

A

calcaneal tendon reflex and patellar reflex

26
Q

the two superficial cord reflexes

A

plantar reflex and abdominal reflex

27
Q

two spinal cord mediated reflexes

A

patellar and cross extensor

28
Q

react to stimuli

A

sensory receptors

29
Q

react to touch, pressure, pain heat, cold, stretch, vibration etc

A

general sensory receptors

30
Q

vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste

A

special senses

31
Q

how are sensory receptors classified

A

type of stimulus, structure, body location

32
Q

react to stimuli in the external environment

A

exteroceptors

33
Q

respond to stimuli arising within the body

A

interoceptors

34
Q

respond to internal stimuli but are restricted to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue; they provide info about body movements and position by monitoring the degree of stretch

A

proprioceptors

35
Q

cutaneous receptors and proprioceptors

A

general sensory receptors

36
Q

Least specialized of the cutaneous receptors that respond to pain and temperature

A

nonencapsulated nerve endings(free)

37
Q

free nerve endings that associate with specific epidermal cells form _________ ______

A

tactile(Merkel) discs

38
Q

free nerve endings that entwine in hair follicles form _____ _______

A

hair follicle receptors

39
Q

consists of the lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct

A

lacrimal apparatus

40
Q

situated superior to the lateral aspect of each eye

A

lacrimal glands

41
Q

tears flush across eyeball through this

A

lacrimal puncta

42
Q

this empties into the nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct

43
Q

antibacterial enzyme

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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