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Anatomy And Pysiology > Practical 4 > Flashcards

Practical 4 Flashcards

1
Q

three major divisions of brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

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2
Q

most superior portion of the brain

A

cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

elevated ridges of tissue

A

gyri

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4
Q

shallow grooves that separate gyri

A

sulci

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5
Q

deeper grooves

A

fissures

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6
Q

divides the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

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7
Q

fissure that divides the cerebral hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

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8
Q

divides the temporal and parietal lobes

A

lateral sulcus

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9
Q

impulses traveling from the body’s sensory receptors are loaclaized in this area of the brain

A

primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

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10
Q

Where the meaning of incoming stimuli is analyzed and allows you to become aware of pain, cold, touch etc

A

somatosensory association cortex

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11
Q

responsible for conscious or voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

A

primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus of the fronal love

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12
Q

specialized motor speech area; damage to this area reduces the ability ot articulate words

A

brocas area

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13
Q

areas involved in intellect, complex reasoning, and personality

A

prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

area where unfamiliar words are sounded out, only located in one hemisphere

A

wernickes area

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15
Q

embryologically part of the forebrain

A

diencephalon

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16
Q

synapse point of cranial nerve 1

A

olfactory bulbs

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17
Q

cranial nerve 2

A

tracts and optic nerves

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18
Q

optic chiasma

A

where the fibers of the optic nerves partially cross over

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19
Q

fiber tracts in the midbrain connecting the pons below with cerebrum above

A

cerebral peduncles

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20
Q

consist of primarily of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with lower CNS centers

A

pons

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21
Q

lowest brainstem region

A

medulla oblongata

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22
Q

second major control system of the body

A

endocrine system

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23
Q

chemical messengers that enter the blood to be transported throughout the body

A

hormones

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24
Q

organs that respond to a particular hormone

A

target organs

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25
pituitary gland is also called
hypophysis
26
adenohypophysis also called
anterior pituitary
27
consists of the posterior pituitary and the infundibulum
neurohypophysis
28
the tropic hormones include
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
29
regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH)
30
regulates the endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
31
influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin
32
general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size
growth hormone (GH)
33
overgrowth of bones in the hands, feet, and face
acromegaly
34
stimulates milk production by the breasts
prolactin (PRL)
35
a complex vascular arrangement of two capillary beds that are connected by the hypophyseal portal veins
hypophyseal portal system
36
this is not an endocrine gland because it does not synthesize the hormones it releases;acts as storage area
posterior pituitary
37
stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and also causes milk ejection in the lactating mother
oxytocin
38
causes the tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate which reduces urine output and conserving body water
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
39
hyposecretion of ADH results in dehydration from excessive urine output
diabetes insipidus
40
small cone shaped gland located in the roof of the third ventricle in the brain; major product is melatonin; plays role in mating
pineal gland
41
exhibits a daily cycle
melatonin
42
composed of two lobes joined by a central mass; located in the throat and produces thyroid hormone and calcitonin
thyroid gland
43
two active hormones of T4 and T3
thyroid hormone
44
affects virtually every cell in the body; controls the rate of body metabloism and cellular oxidation
thyroid hormone
45
hyposecretion of TH leads to a condition of mental and physical sluggishness
myxedema
46
released in response to high blood calcium levels
calcitonin
47
found embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; they secrete parathyroid hormone
parathyroid glands
48
the most important regulator of calcium balance of the blood
parathyroid hormone
49
prolonged muscle spasms that can result in respiratory paralysis and death
tetany
50
produces several different hormones including thymulin, thymosins, thymopoietins
thymus
51
what are the thymus hormones associated with
development of T lymphocytes and the immune response
52
directly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system
adrenal medulla
53
which two hormones mix and act with the sympathetic nervous system to elicit fight or flight response to stressor
epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)
54
produces three major groups of steroid hormones
adrenal cortex
55
what are the three groups of steroid hormones collectively called
corticosteroids
56
regulate water and electrolyte balance in the extracelluar fluid, regulating sodium ion re-absorption by kidney tubules
mineralocorticoids
57
only cortisol is secreted in significant amounts, it enables the body to resist long term stressors(ex increasing blood glucose levels)
glucocorticoids
58
another word for sex hormones
gonadocorticoids
59
produced by adrenal cortex and are chiefly androgens but some estrogens are also formed
gonadocoricoids
60
gonadocoricoids are produced throughout life but hypersecretion of these hormones produces abnormal hairlines
hirsutism
61
located parially behind the stomach in the abdomen functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland Produces digestive enzymes, insulin and glucagon
pancreas
62
elevated blood glucose levels stimulate release of this
insulin
63
decreases blood sugar levels, accelerates the transport of glucose into the body cells
insulin
64
hyposecretion of insulin or some deficiency in the insulin receptors leads to this Characterized by inability of body cells to utilize glucose and the subsequent loss of glucose in the urine
diabetes mellitus
65
low blood sugar | symptoms include: anxiety, nervousness, tremors, and weakness
glucagon
66
produce two steroid hormone groups
ovaries
67
hormones that the ovaries produce
estrogens and progesterone
68
responsible for the development of the secondary sex characteristic of the female at puberty
estrogens
69
testes produce what hormone
testosterone
70
chewed up gland under gray apple on neck(Butterfly?)
thyroid gland
71
small circles on thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
72
on top of brown beans(kidneys)
adrenal glands
73
not identifiable on human model
thymus
74
in between kidneys(beans) and has ducts
pancreas
75
two almonds inside
ovaries
76
underneath penis
testes
77
in the thyroid gland: these store thyroid hormone | Big cirlces
colloid filled follicles
78
in the thyroid gland: these make thyroid hormone | Small circles
follicular cells
79
in parathyroid gland: lighter circular sections | Unknown function
oxyphil cells
80
in parathyroid gland: darker circles | Make parathyroid hormone and help conduct calcium reabsorption
parathyroid cells
81
this has digestive and endocrine functions
pancreatic islet
82
in pancreatic islet: Produce glucagon Darker circles Endocrine function
a cells
83
in pancreatic islet: Produce insulin Lighter circles Endocrine function
b cells
84
in pancreatic islet Make digestive juices Exocrine function
pancreatic acinar cells
85
anterior pituitary: make prolactin Dark bigger circles
acidophils
86
anterior pituitary: dont produce anything\ Smallest circles
chromophobe
87
anterior pituitary: make tropic hormones(TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH) medium circles
basophil
88
nothing made here; stores ADH and oxytocin
posterior pituitary
89
posterior pituitary: supportive neuroglia circles
pituicytes
90
posterior pituitary: | long fibers
nerve fibers
91
outer to inner layers in cortex surrounding medulla in adrenal gland
capsule, glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis, medulla
92
in adrenal gland: produces mineralo corticoids top area with spread out cells
glomerulosa
93
in adrenal gland: produces gluco corticoids middle area with obvious nucli
fasciculata
94
in adrenal gland: produces sex hormones and some glucocorticoids more condensed darker area
reticularis

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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