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Anatomy And Pysiology > Ch 11 Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch 11 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

A

Sensory input

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2
Q

Processing and interpretation of sensory input

A

Integration

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3
Q

Activation of effector organs produces a response

A

Motor output

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4
Q

Muscles and glands

A

Effector organs

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5
Q

Divisions of the nervous system

A

Central and peripheral nervous systems

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6
Q

Brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity

Integration and control center(interprets sensory input and dictates motor output)

A

Central nervous system

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7
Q

Consists mainly of nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord
Spinal and cranial nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

To and from spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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9
Q

To and from the brain

A

Cranial nerves

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10
Q

Two functional divisions of peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory and motor

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11
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

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12
Q

Efferent

A

Motor

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13
Q

Somatic fibers and visceral fibers

A

Sensory

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14
Q

Conveys impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to CNS

A

Somatic sensory fibers

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15
Q

Convey impulses from visceral organs to CNS

A

Visceral sensory fibers

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16
Q

Transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs

Somatic and autonomic

A

Motor

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle(voluntary)

A

Somatic nervous system

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18
Q

Glands(involuntary)

A

Autonomic nervous system

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19
Q

Small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons

A

Neurolgia

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20
Q

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

A

Neurons

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21
Q

Most abundant neuroglia, versatile, and highly branched
Cling to neurons and synaptic endings
Functions: support and brace neurons,guide migration of neurons, control chemical environment, respond to nerve impulses, influence neuronal functioning

A

Astrocytes

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22
Q

Small ovoid cells with thorny processes that touch and monitor neurons
Migrate toward injured neurons
Can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris

A

Microglial cells

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23
Q

Squamous or columnar
May be ciliated(produces and circulates spinal fluid)
Lines the central cavities of brain/spinal column

A

Ependymal cells

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24
Q

Branched with cells

Processes wrap CNS nerve fibers and form insulating myelin sheaths

A

Oligodendrocytes

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25
``` Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS function similar to astrocytes of CNS ```
Satellite cells
26
Surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers
Schwann cells
27
``` Structural units of nervous system Large highly specialized cells that conduct impulses Extreme longevity Amitotic High metabolic rate All have cell body and process ```
Neurons
28
Lie along nerves in PNS
Ganglia
29
Clusters of neuron cell bodies in CNS
Nuclei
30
Biosynthesis center of neuron Spherical nucleus with nucleolus Some contain pigments Plasma membrane is a part of receptive region
Neuron cell body
31
Bundles of neuron processes in CNS
Tracts
32
Bundles of neuron processes in PNS
Nerves
33
Two types of processes
Dendrites and axons
34
In motor neurons Receptive region of neuron Convey incoming messages toward cell body as graded potentials
Dendrites
35
Appendages with bulbous spiky ends
Dendritic spines
36
Come shaped area of cell body
Axon hillock
37
Long axons
Nerve fibers
38
Occasional branches
Axon collaterals
39
Distal endings
Axon terminals
40
Functions of axon:
Conduct region of neuron, generates nerve impulses, transmits them along axolemma to axon terminal, lacks rough ER
41
Released into extra cellular space
Neurotransmitters
42
Neuron cell membrane
Axolemma
43
Composed of myelin. Segmented sheath,
Myelin sheath
44
Myelination in PNS
Formed by Schwann cells
45
Myelin sheath gaps between adjacent Schwann cells | Sites where axon collaterals can emerge
Nodes of ranvier
46
Thin fibers not wrapped in myelin | Surrounded by schwann cells but no coiling
Nonmyelinated fibers
47
Regions of brain and spinal cord with dense collections of myelinated fibers Usually fiber tracts
White matter
48
Mostly neuron cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers
Gray matter
49
Toward CNS
Sensory
50
Away from CNS
Motor
51
Within CNS
Interneurons
52
Approx resting membrane potential
-70 mV
53
Short distance signal
Graded potential
54
Long distance signal
Action potential
55
Short lived localized changes in membrane potential Depolarization or hyperpolarization Triggered by stimulus that opens gates ion channels Current flows but dissipates quickly and decays
Graded potentials
56
Principle way neurons send signals Principle means of long distance neural communication Brief reversal of membrane potential with a change in voltage of 100 mV Do not decay over distance as graded potentials do
Action potential
57
All gated Na and K channels are closed | Only leakage channels for Na and K are open
Resting state
58
Depolarizing local currents open voltage gates Na channels Na influx causes more depolarization which opens more Na channels At threshold positive feedback causes opening of all Na channels
Depolarizing phase
59
Na channel slow inactivation gates close Membrane permeability to Na declines to resting state Slow voltage gates K channels open
Repolarizing phase
60
Some K channels remain open, allowing excessive K effkux This causes a slight dip below resting voltage Na channels begin to reset
Hyperpolarization
61
An AP either happens completely or it does not happen at all
The all or none phenomenon
62
Time from opening of Na channels until resetting of the channels Ensures that each AP is an all or bone event Enforces one way transmission of nerve impulses
Absolute refractory period

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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