Ch 5 Integumentary

Question 1

What is the skin percent of total body weight

Answer 1

7%

Question 2

What are the two layers of the skin

Answer 2

Epidermis and dermis

Question 3

What is under the connective tissue layer(2 names)

Adipose tissue

Answer 3

Hypodermics and superficial facia

Question 4

What cell types does the epidermis consist of

Answer 4

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells

Question 5

Most epidermal cells

Chief role is to produce keratin-which gives the epidermis protective properties

Answer 5

Keratinocytes

Question 6

Spider shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin
Found in the deepest layer of the epidermis
Protects from UV damage

Answer 6

Melanocytes

Question 7

Star shaped cells from bone marrow that migrate to the epidermis
Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of immune system

Answer 7

Dendritic cells

Langerhans

Question 8

Cells present in the epidermal dermal junction, shaped like a spiky hemisphere
Associated with a sensory nerve ending

Answer 8

Tactile cells

Merkel

Question 9

What are the five layers of skin(bottom to top)

Answer 9

Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, cornium

Question 10

Deepest layer
Single row of cells
Mitotically active

Answer 10

Stratum basale

Question 11

Several layers thick

Prickly layers

Answer 11

Stratum spinosum

Question 12

Consists of five cell layers 
Where keratinization begins
Last alive layer
Where appearance changes
Thin layer

Answer 12

Granulosum layer

Question 13

Only in thick skin
Clear layer
Only a few rows

Answer 13

Stratum lucidum

Question 14

Horny layer 
75% of thickness of epidermis
Outermost layer
Protective layer
Dead stuff sloughs off

Answer 14

Stratum corneum

Question 15

What are the three pigments that make up skin color

Answer 15

Carotene, hemoglobin, melanin

Question 16

Made up of string flexible connective tissue

Rich supply of nerve fibers blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Answer 16

Dermis

Question 17

What two layers are in the dermis

Answer 17

Papillary and reticular

Question 18

This layer is areolar loose tissue
Touches the epidermis
Dermal papillae

Answer 18

Papillary layer

Question 19

80% of dermis
Dense irregular
Collagen fibers

Answer 19

Reticular layer

Question 20

Only pigment made in skin
Produced in melanocytes
Reddish yellow to brownish black
Freckles and moles are accumulations of this

Answer 20

Melanin

Question 21

Yellow to orange pigment
Found in plants (diet)
Converted to vitamin A
Palms and soles

Answer 21

Carotene

Question 22

Pinkish hue of fair skin

Blood

Answer 22

Hemoglobin

Question 23

Yellow cast

Usually signifies liver disorder

Answer 23

Jaundice

Question 24

Reddened skin

Indicates embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation or allergy

Answer 24

Erythema

Question 25

Unnatural brown | Steroids, Addison's disease

Answer 25

Bronzing

Question 26

Blue skin color | Low oxygenation of hemoglobin

Answer 26

Cyanosis

Question 27

Blanching pale | Anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger

Answer 27

Pallor

Question 28

Sweat glands that are distributed all over the entire skin surface(3 million per person)

Answer 28

Sudoriferous glands

Question 29

Two types of sweat glands

Answer 29

Eccrine and apocrine

Question 30

Sweat glands abundant on the palms, soles and forehead The secretion is sweat Ducts connect to pores Function is themoregulagion

Answer 30

Eccrine sweat glands

Question 31

``` Less numerous sweat gland Largest sweat gland the secretion is water, salt, protein and fatty substances The ducts empty into hair follicles Two types: ceruminous and mammary Confined to axillary and genital areas ```

Answer 31

Appocrine sweat glands

Question 32

Modified appocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear

Answer 32

Ceruminous glands

Question 33

Specialized sweat appocrine gland that secrete milk

Answer 33

Mammary glands

Question 34

Widely distributed gland except not in thick skin Most develop from hair follicles and secrete into hair follicles Relatively inactive till puberty Secrete sebum

Answer 34

Sebaceous glands

Question 35

Oily secretion of sebaceous glands that softens hair and skin and is a bactericidal

Answer 35

Sebum

Question 36

Functions of skin and derivatives

Answer 36

Protection, body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, and excretion

Question 37

The skin constitutes at least three types of barriers that are

Answer 37

Chemical(skin secretions and melanin), physical(limited penetration of skin and hardness of keratinized cells), and biological barrier(dendritic cells of epidermis, macrophages, and DNA)

Question 38

Visible output of sweat

Answer 38

Sensible perspiration

Question 39

Unnoticeable and routine sweating(500 ml a day)

Answer 39

Insensible perspiration

Question 40

Receptors located throughout the skin that respond to stimuli arising outside the body

Answer 40

Cutaneous sensory receptors

Question 41

Dermal vascular supply is extensive and can hold about_______ of the body's entire blood volume

Answer 41

5%

Question 42

Not malignant | Most tumors that arise in skin

Answer 42

Benign

Question 43

The spread of cancer from one body organ to another | Most do not do this

Answer 43

Mestastasis

Question 44

Least malignant skin cancer Most common 80% of cases Slow growing and can be cured by surgical excision 99% of the time

Answer 44

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 45

Second most common skin cancer Arises from keratinocytes of spinosum Does metastasize Develops from pre existing mole

Answer 45

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 46

``` Most dangerous cancer Early detection is key Highly meta stub and resistant to chemo Only 2-3% of skin cancers Cancer of melanocytes Use ABCD rule ```

Answer 46

Melanoma

Question 47

What is the rule for examining skin discolorations or bumps

Answer 47

Asymmetry Border irregularity Color Diameter

Question 48

What is the immediate threat to life from severe burns

Answer 48

Loss of fluids

Question 49

Method of computing the extent of burns by dividing the body into a 11 areas each accounting for 9% of the total body area

Answer 49

Rule of nines

Question 50

``` Only the epidermis is damaged Symptoms include redness, swelling,and pain Typically heal within two to three days Usually a sun burn is this Partial thickness burn ```

Answer 50

First degree burns

Question 51

This burn injures the epidermis and upper dermis Symptoms also include blisters Regeneration takes a couple of weeks with no scarring Partial thickness burn

Answer 51

Second degree burns

Question 52

Full thickness burn Nerve endings have been destroyed so not painful Skin grafts are necessary

Answer 52

Third degree burn

Question 53

Types of hair

Answer 53

Vellus and terminal

Question 54

Pale fine body hair Often blind Found in children and females primarily

Answer 54

Vellus hair

Question 55

Coarse, long, dark hair Usually begins at puberty Evident in males Genital regions and eyebrows and scalp

Answer 55

Terminal hair

Question 56

What affects hair growth

Answer 56

Nutrition and hormones

Question 57

How many scalp hairs do you lose daily

Answer 57

About 90

Question 58

Hair thinning after age 40

Answer 58

Alopecia

Question 59

Genetically determined hair thinning

Answer 59

Baldness

Question 60

Scalelike modification of epidermis | Contains hard keratin

Answer 60

Nails