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Anatomy And Pysiology > Ch 5 Integumentary > Flashcards

Ch 5 Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skin percent of total body weight

A

7%

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2
Q

What are the two layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

What is under the connective tissue layer(2 names)

Adipose tissue

A

Hypodermics and superficial facia

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4
Q

What cell types does the epidermis consist of

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells

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5
Q

Most epidermal cells

Chief role is to produce keratin-which gives the epidermis protective properties

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

Spider shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin
Found in the deepest layer of the epidermis
Protects from UV damage

A

Melanocytes

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7
Q

Star shaped cells from bone marrow that migrate to the epidermis
Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of immune system

A

Dendritic cells

Langerhans

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8
Q

Cells present in the epidermal dermal junction, shaped like a spiky hemisphere
Associated with a sensory nerve ending

A

Tactile cells

Merkel

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9
Q

What are the five layers of skin(bottom to top)

A

Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, cornium

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10
Q

Deepest layer
Single row of cells
Mitotically active

A

Stratum basale

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11
Q

Several layers thick

Prickly layers

A

Stratum spinosum

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12
Q 
Consists of five cell layers 
Where keratinization begins
Last alive layer
Where appearance changes
Thin layer
A

Granulosum layer

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13
Q

Only in thick skin
Clear layer
Only a few rows

A

Stratum lucidum

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14
Q 
Horny layer 
75% of thickness of epidermis
Outermost layer
Protective layer
Dead stuff sloughs off
A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

What are the three pigments that make up skin color

A

Carotene, hemoglobin, melanin

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16
Q

Made up of string flexible connective tissue

Rich supply of nerve fibers blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

A

Dermis

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17
Q

What two layers are in the dermis

A

Papillary and reticular

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18
Q

This layer is areolar loose tissue
Touches the epidermis
Dermal papillae

A

Papillary layer

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19
Q

80% of dermis
Dense irregular
Collagen fibers

A

Reticular layer

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20
Q

Only pigment made in skin
Produced in melanocytes
Reddish yellow to brownish black
Freckles and moles are accumulations of this

A

Melanin

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21
Q

Yellow to orange pigment
Found in plants (diet)
Converted to vitamin A
Palms and soles

A

Carotene

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22
Q

Pinkish hue of fair skin

Blood

A

Hemoglobin

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23
Q

Yellow cast

Usually signifies liver disorder

A

Jaundice

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24
Q

Reddened skin

Indicates embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation or allergy

A

Erythema

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25
Q

Unnatural brown

Steroids, Addison’s disease

A

Bronzing

26
Q

Blue skin color

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin

A

Cyanosis

27
Q

Blanching pale

Anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger

A

Pallor

28
Q

Sweat glands that are distributed all over the entire skin surface(3 million per person)

A

Sudoriferous glands

29
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine

30
Q

Sweat glands abundant on the palms, soles and forehead
The secretion is sweat
Ducts connect to pores
Function is themoregulagion

A

Eccrine sweat glands

31
Q 
Less numerous sweat gland
Largest sweat gland 
the secretion is water, salt, protein and fatty substances
The ducts empty into hair follicles
Two types: ceruminous and mammary
Confined to axillary and genital areas
A

Appocrine sweat glands

32
Q

Modified appocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear

A

Ceruminous glands

33
Q

Specialized sweat appocrine gland that secrete milk

A

Mammary glands

34
Q

Widely distributed gland except not in thick skin
Most develop from hair follicles and secrete into hair follicles
Relatively inactive till puberty
Secrete sebum

A

Sebaceous glands

35
Q

Oily secretion of sebaceous glands that softens hair and skin and is a bactericidal

A

Sebum

36
Q

Functions of skin and derivatives

A

Protection, body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, and excretion

37
Q

The skin constitutes at least three types of barriers that are

A

Chemical(skin secretions and melanin), physical(limited penetration of skin and hardness of keratinized cells), and biological barrier(dendritic cells of epidermis, macrophages, and DNA)

38
Q

Visible output of sweat

A

Sensible perspiration

39
Q

Unnoticeable and routine sweating(500 ml a day)

A

Insensible perspiration

40
Q

Receptors located throughout the skin that respond to stimuli arising outside the body

A

Cutaneous sensory receptors

41
Q

Dermal vascular supply is extensive and can hold about_______ of the body’s entire blood volume

A

5%

42
Q

Not malignant

Most tumors that arise in skin

A

Benign

43
Q

The spread of cancer from one body organ to another

Most do not do this

A

Mestastasis

44
Q

Least malignant skin cancer
Most common
80% of cases
Slow growing and can be cured by surgical excision 99% of the time

A

Basal cell carcinoma

45
Q

Second most common skin cancer
Arises from keratinocytes of spinosum
Does metastasize
Develops from pre existing mole

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

46
Q 
Most dangerous cancer
Early detection is key
Highly meta stub and resistant to chemo
Only 2-3% of skin cancers 
Cancer of melanocytes 
Use ABCD rule
A

Melanoma

47
Q

What is the rule for examining skin discolorations or bumps

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter

48
Q

What is the immediate threat to life from severe burns

A

Loss of fluids

49
Q

Method of computing the extent of burns by dividing the body into a 11 areas each accounting for 9% of the total body area

A

Rule of nines

50
Q 
Only the epidermis is damaged
Symptoms include redness, swelling,and pain
Typically heal within two to three days
Usually a sun burn is this
Partial thickness burn
A

First degree burns

51
Q

This burn injures the epidermis and upper dermis
Symptoms also include blisters
Regeneration takes a couple of weeks with no scarring
Partial thickness burn

A

Second degree burns

52
Q

Full thickness burn
Nerve endings have been destroyed so not painful
Skin grafts are necessary

A

Third degree burn

53
Q

Types of hair

A

Vellus and terminal

54
Q

Pale fine body hair
Often blind
Found in children and females primarily

A

Vellus hair

55
Q

Coarse, long, dark hair
Usually begins at puberty
Evident in males
Genital regions and eyebrows and scalp

A

Terminal hair

56
Q

What affects hair growth

A

Nutrition and hormones

57
Q

How many scalp hairs do you lose daily

A

About 90

58
Q

Hair thinning after age 40

A

Alopecia

59
Q

Genetically determined hair thinning

A

Baldness

60
Q

Scalelike modification of epidermis

Contains hard keratin

A

Nails

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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