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Anatomy And Pysiology > Ch 14 ANS > Flashcards

Ch 14 ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Innervate smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands
Make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities
Operate via subconscious control

A

ANS motor neurons

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2
Q

what is the ANS also called

A

involuntary nervous system or general visceral motor system

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3
Q

what do both somatic and autonomic systems have

A

motor fibers

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4
Q

what do somatic and autonomic systems differ in

A

Effectors
Efferent pathways and ganglia
Target organ responses to neurotransmitters

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5
Q

what are the effectors of the somatic nervous systems

A

skeletal muscles

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6
Q

what are the effectors of the autonomic system

A

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Glands

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7
Q

Cell body in CNS; thick, myelinated, group A fiber extends in spinal or cranial nerve to skeletal muscle

A

somatic efferent pathway

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8
Q

ANS pathway uses ___ ______ _____

A

two neuron chain

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9
Q

what are the components of the two neuron chain

A

preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron

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10
Q

has a thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon.

A

preganglionic neuron

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11
Q

in autonomic ganglion outside CNS has nonmyelinated axon that extends to effector organ

A

postganglionic neuron

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12
Q 
release acetylcholine (ACh)
Effects always stimulatory
A

somatic

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13
Q

Preganglionic fibers release ACh
Postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACh at effectors
Effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on type of receptors

A

autonomic

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14
Q

All visceral organs served by both divisions, but cause opposite effects

A

dual innervation

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15
Q

_______ _______ between two divisions maintains homeostasis

A

dynamic antagonism

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16
Q

Promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

roles of the parasympathetic

A

Directs digestion, diuresis, defecation

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18
Q

Mobilizes body during activity; “fight-or-flight” system

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

roles of sympathetic

A

Exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment

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20
Q

During vigorous physical activity
Shunts blood to skeletal muscles and heart
Dilates bronchioles
Causes liver to release glucose

A

sympathetic

21
Q

from brain stem and sacrum
Extend from CNS almost to target organs
Synapse with postganglionic neurons in terminal ganglia close to/within target organs

A

long preganglionic fibers

22
Q

synapse with effectors

A

short postganglionic

23
Q

smooth muscle of eye

A

oculomotor nerves

24
Q

stimulate large glands in head

A

facial nerves

25
Q

parotid salivary glands

A

glossopharyngeal nerves

26
Q

neck and nerve plexuses for ~ all thoracic and abdominal viscera

A

vagus nerves

27
Q

Cell bodies in brain stem

Preganglionic fibers in oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves

A

cranial part of parasympathetic

28
Q

Serves pelvic organs and distal half of large intestine
From neurons in lateral gray matter of S2–S4
Axons travel in ventral root of spinal nerves

A

sacral part of parasympathetic

29
Q

have same components as somatic reflex arcs

but have two neurons in motor pathway

A

visceral reflex arcs

30
Q

Visceral pain afferents travel along same pathways as somatic pain fibers, contributing to phenomenon of ____ _______

A

referred pain

31
Q

release neurotransmitter ACh
All ANS preganglionic axons
All parasympathetic postganglionic axons at effector synapse

A

Cholinergic fibers

32
Q

release neurotransmitter NE
Most sympathetic postganglionic axons
Exception: sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete ACh at sweat glands

A

Adrenergic fibers

33
Q

Two types of receptors bind ACh

Cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic

Muscarinic

34
Q

Found on
Sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells (Chapter 9) at NMJ
All postganglionic neurons (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla
Effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors is always stimulatory

A

nicotinic

35
Q 
Found on
All effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers
Effect of ACh at muscarinic receptors
Can be either inhibitory or excitatory
Depends on receptor type of target organ
A

muscarinic

36
Q

Two major classes
Alpha
Beta
Effects of NE depend on which subclass of receptor predominates on target organ

A

Adrenergic Receptors

37
Q

most visceral organs have _____ _______

A

dual innervation

38
Q

increases heart and respiratory rates, and inhibits digestion and elimination

A

sympathetic

39
Q

decreases heart and respiratory rates, and allows for digestion and discarding of wastes

A

parasympathetic

40
Q

vasomotor tone

A

sympathetic tone

41
Q

Keeps blood vessels in continual state of partial constriction

A

sympathetic tone

42
Q

entirely innervated by sympathetic fibers

A

vascular system

43
Q

normally dominates heart, smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract organs, activate most glands except for adrenal and sweat glands
Slows the heart
Dictates normal activity levels of digestive and urinary tracts

A

parasympathetic tone

44
Q

cause vasodilation; are responsible for erection of penis or clitoris

A

paraympathetic fibers

45
Q

ejaculation of semen in males and reflex contraction of a female’s vagina

A

sympathetic fibers

46
Q

main integrative center of ANS activity

A

hypothalamus

47
Q

Overactive sympathetic vasoconstrictor response to stress

Treated with adrenergic receptor - blocking drugs

A

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

48
Q

Exaggerated vasoconstriction in fingers and toes
Pale, then cyanotic and painful
Treated with vasodilators

A

Raynaud’s disease

49
Q

Uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons in quadriplegics and those with spinal cord injuries above T6
Blood pressure skyrockets
Life-threatening

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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