Ch 14 ANS

Question 1

Innervate smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands
Make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities
Operate via subconscious control

Answer 1

ANS motor neurons

Question 2

what is the ANS also called

Answer 2

involuntary nervous system or general visceral motor system

Question 3

what do both somatic and autonomic systems have

Answer 3

motor fibers

Question 4

what do somatic and autonomic systems differ in

Answer 4

Effectors
Efferent pathways and ganglia
Target organ responses to neurotransmitters

Question 5

what are the effectors of the somatic nervous systems

Answer 5

skeletal muscles

Question 6

what are the effectors of the autonomic system

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Glands

Question 7

Cell body in CNS; thick, myelinated, group A fiber extends in spinal or cranial nerve to skeletal muscle

Answer 7

somatic efferent pathway

Question 8

ANS pathway uses ___ ______ _____

Answer 8

two neuron chain

Question 9

what are the components of the two neuron chain

Answer 9

preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron

Question 10

has a thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon.

Answer 10

preganglionic neuron

Question 11

in autonomic ganglion outside CNS has nonmyelinated axon that extends to effector organ

Answer 11

postganglionic neuron

Question 12

release acetylcholine (ACh)
Effects always stimulatory

Answer 12

somatic

Question 13

Preganglionic fibers release ACh
Postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACh at effectors
Effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on type of receptors

Answer 13

autonomic

Question 14

All visceral organs served by both divisions, but cause opposite effects

Answer 14

dual innervation

Question 15

_______ _______ between two divisions maintains homeostasis

Answer 15

dynamic antagonism

Question 16

Promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy

Answer 16

parasympathetic

Question 17

roles of the parasympathetic

Answer 17

Directs digestion, diuresis, defecation

Question 18

Mobilizes body during activity; “fight-or-flight” system

Answer 18

sympathetic

Question 19

roles of sympathetic

Answer 19

Exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment

Question 20

During vigorous physical activity
Shunts blood to skeletal muscles and heart
Dilates bronchioles
Causes liver to release glucose

Answer 20

sympathetic

Question 21

from brain stem and sacrum
Extend from CNS almost to target organs
Synapse with postganglionic neurons in terminal ganglia close to/within target organs

Answer 21

long preganglionic fibers

Question 22

synapse with effectors

Answer 22

short postganglionic

Question 23

smooth muscle of eye

Answer 23

oculomotor nerves

Question 24

stimulate large glands in head

Answer 24

facial nerves

Question 25

parotid salivary glands

Answer 25

glossopharyngeal nerves

Question 26

neck and nerve plexuses for ~ all thoracic and abdominal viscera

Answer 26

vagus nerves

Question 27

Cell bodies in brain stem | Preganglionic fibers in oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves

Answer 27

cranial part of parasympathetic

Question 28

Serves pelvic organs and distal half of large intestine From neurons in lateral gray matter of S2–S4 Axons travel in ventral root of spinal nerves

Answer 28

sacral part of parasympathetic

Question 29

have same components as somatic reflex arcs | but have two neurons in motor pathway

Answer 29

visceral reflex arcs

Question 30

Visceral pain afferents travel along same pathways as somatic pain fibers, contributing to phenomenon of ____ _______

Answer 30

referred pain

Question 31

release neurotransmitter ACh All ANS preganglionic axons All parasympathetic postganglionic axons at effector synapse

Answer 31

Cholinergic fibers

Question 32

release neurotransmitter NE Most sympathetic postganglionic axons Exception: sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete ACh at sweat glands

Answer 32

Adrenergic fibers

Question 33

Two types of receptors bind ACh | Cholinergic receptors

Answer 33

Nicotinic | Muscarinic

Question 34

Found on Sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells (Chapter 9) at NMJ All postganglionic neurons (sympathetic and parasympathetic) Hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla Effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors is always stimulatory

Answer 34

nicotinic

Question 35

``` Found on All effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers Effect of ACh at muscarinic receptors Can be either inhibitory or excitatory Depends on receptor type of target organ ```

Answer 35

muscarinic

Question 36

Two major classes Alpha Beta Effects of NE depend on which subclass of receptor predominates on target organ

Answer 36

Adrenergic Receptors

Question 37

most visceral organs have _____ _______

Answer 37

dual innervation

Question 38

increases heart and respiratory rates, and inhibits digestion and elimination

Answer 38

sympathetic

Question 39

decreases heart and respiratory rates, and allows for digestion and discarding of wastes

Answer 39

parasympathetic

Question 40

vasomotor tone

Answer 40

sympathetic tone

Question 41

Keeps blood vessels in continual state of partial constriction

Answer 41

sympathetic tone

Question 42

entirely innervated by sympathetic fibers

Answer 42

vascular system

Question 43

normally dominates heart, smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract organs, activate most glands except for adrenal and sweat glands Slows the heart Dictates normal activity levels of digestive and urinary tracts

Answer 43

parasympathetic tone

Question 44

cause vasodilation; are responsible for erection of penis or clitoris

Answer 44

paraympathetic fibers

Question 45

ejaculation of semen in males and reflex contraction of a female's vagina

Answer 45

sympathetic fibers

Question 46

main integrative center of ANS activity

Answer 46

hypothalamus

Question 47

Overactive sympathetic vasoconstrictor response to stress | Treated with adrenergic receptor - blocking drugs

Answer 47

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Question 48

Exaggerated vasoconstriction in fingers and toes Pale, then cyanotic and painful Treated with vasodilators

Answer 48

Raynaud's disease

Question 49

Uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons in quadriplegics and those with spinal cord injuries above T6 Blood pressure skyrockets Life-threatening

Answer 49

Autonomic dysreflexia