Ch 14 ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Innervate smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands
Make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities
Operate via subconscious control

A

ANS motor neurons

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2
Q

what is the ANS also called

A

involuntary nervous system or general visceral motor system

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3
Q

what do both somatic and autonomic systems have

A

motor fibers

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4
Q

what do somatic and autonomic systems differ in

A

Effectors
Efferent pathways and ganglia
Target organ responses to neurotransmitters

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5
Q

what are the effectors of the somatic nervous systems

A

skeletal muscles

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6
Q

what are the effectors of the autonomic system

A

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Glands

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7
Q

Cell body in CNS; thick, myelinated, group A fiber extends in spinal or cranial nerve to skeletal muscle

A

somatic efferent pathway

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8
Q

ANS pathway uses ___ ______ _____

A

two neuron chain

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9
Q

what are the components of the two neuron chain

A

preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron

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10
Q

has a thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon.

A

preganglionic neuron

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11
Q

in autonomic ganglion outside CNS has nonmyelinated axon that extends to effector organ

A

postganglionic neuron

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12
Q
release acetylcholine (ACh)
Effects always stimulatory
A

somatic

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13
Q

Preganglionic fibers release ACh
Postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACh at effectors
Effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on type of receptors

A

autonomic

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14
Q

All visceral organs served by both divisions, but cause opposite effects

A

dual innervation

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15
Q

_______ _______ between two divisions maintains homeostasis

A

dynamic antagonism

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16
Q

Promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

roles of the parasympathetic

A

Directs digestion, diuresis, defecation

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18
Q

Mobilizes body during activity; “fight-or-flight” system

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

roles of sympathetic

A

Exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment

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20
Q

During vigorous physical activity
Shunts blood to skeletal muscles and heart
Dilates bronchioles
Causes liver to release glucose

A

sympathetic

21
Q

from brain stem and sacrum
Extend from CNS almost to target organs
Synapse with postganglionic neurons in terminal ganglia close to/within target organs

A

long preganglionic fibers

22
Q

synapse with effectors

A

short postganglionic

23
Q

smooth muscle of eye

A

oculomotor nerves

24
Q

stimulate large glands in head

A

facial nerves

25
parotid salivary glands
glossopharyngeal nerves
26
neck and nerve plexuses for ~ all thoracic and abdominal viscera
vagus nerves
27
Cell bodies in brain stem | Preganglionic fibers in oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves
cranial part of parasympathetic
28
Serves pelvic organs and distal half of large intestine From neurons in lateral gray matter of S2–S4 Axons travel in ventral root of spinal nerves
sacral part of parasympathetic
29
have same components as somatic reflex arcs | but have two neurons in motor pathway
visceral reflex arcs
30
Visceral pain afferents travel along same pathways as somatic pain fibers, contributing to phenomenon of ____ _______
referred pain
31
release neurotransmitter ACh All ANS preganglionic axons All parasympathetic postganglionic axons at effector synapse
Cholinergic fibers
32
release neurotransmitter NE Most sympathetic postganglionic axons Exception: sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete ACh at sweat glands
Adrenergic fibers
33
Two types of receptors bind ACh | Cholinergic receptors
Nicotinic | Muscarinic
34
Found on Sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells (Chapter 9) at NMJ All postganglionic neurons (sympathetic and parasympathetic) Hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla Effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors is always stimulatory
nicotinic
35
``` Found on All effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers Effect of ACh at muscarinic receptors Can be either inhibitory or excitatory Depends on receptor type of target organ ```
muscarinic
36
Two major classes Alpha Beta Effects of NE depend on which subclass of receptor predominates on target organ
Adrenergic Receptors
37
most visceral organs have _____ _______
dual innervation
38
increases heart and respiratory rates, and inhibits digestion and elimination
sympathetic
39
decreases heart and respiratory rates, and allows for digestion and discarding of wastes
parasympathetic
40
vasomotor tone
sympathetic tone
41
Keeps blood vessels in continual state of partial constriction
sympathetic tone
42
entirely innervated by sympathetic fibers
vascular system
43
normally dominates heart, smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract organs, activate most glands except for adrenal and sweat glands Slows the heart Dictates normal activity levels of digestive and urinary tracts
parasympathetic tone
44
cause vasodilation; are responsible for erection of penis or clitoris
paraympathetic fibers
45
ejaculation of semen in males and reflex contraction of a female's vagina
sympathetic fibers
46
main integrative center of ANS activity
hypothalamus
47
Overactive sympathetic vasoconstrictor response to stress | Treated with adrenergic receptor - blocking drugs
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
48
Exaggerated vasoconstriction in fingers and toes Pale, then cyanotic and painful Treated with vasodilators
Raynaud's disease
49
Uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons in quadriplegics and those with spinal cord injuries above T6 Blood pressure skyrockets Life-threatening
Autonomic dysreflexia