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Anatomy And Pysiology > Ch 8 Joints > Flashcards

Ch 8 Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Site where two or more bones meet

A

Articulation

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2
Q

Functions of joints

A

Give skeleton mobility

Hold skeleton together

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3
Q

Two classifications of joints

A

Functional and structural

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4
Q

Three functional classifications

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

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5
Q

Immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

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6
Q

Slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

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7
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diarthroses

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8
Q

Three structural classifications

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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9
Q

Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
No joint cavity
Most synarthrotic
3 types

A

Fibrous joints

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10
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

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11
Q

In middle age sutures ossify and fuse

A

Synostoses

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12
Q

Rigid interlocking joints
Immovable joints for protection of brain
Contain short connective tissue fibers
Allow for growth during youth

A

Sutures

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13
Q

Bones connected by ligaments

Fiber length and movement vary

A

Syndesmoses

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14
Q

Peg in socket joints of teeth in alvelolar sockets

A

Gomphoses

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15
Q

Fibrous connection

A

Periodontal ligament

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16
Q

Bones united by cartilage
No joint cavity
Not highly movable
Two types

A

Cartilaginous joints

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17
Q

Two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchodroses

Symphyses

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18
Q

Bar/ plate of hyaline cartilage that unites bones

All are synarthrotic

A

Synchondroses

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19
Q

Fibrocartilage unites bone

Strong and flexible amphiarthroses

A

Symphyses

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20
Q

Bones separated by fluid filled joint cavity
All are diarthrotic
Most joints of body

A

Synovial joints

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21
Q

Six features of synovial joints

A 
Articular cartilage/hyaline
Joint cavity
Articular joint capsule(2 layers)
Synovial fluid
Different types of reinforcing ligaments
Nerves and blood vessels
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22
Q

What are the two layers of synovial joints

A

External fibrous layer

Inner synovial membrane

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23
Q

Thickened part of fibrous layer

A

Capsular

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24
Q

Outside the capsule

A

Extracapsular

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25
Deep to capsule | Covered by synovial membrane
Intracapsular
26
For cushioning between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone
Fatty pads
27
Fibrocartilage separates articular surfaces to improve fit of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear
Articular discs(menisci)
28
Sacs lined with synovial membrane | Reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, tendons, or bones rub together
Bursae
29
Elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction "Hot dog bun"
Tendon sheaths
30
Three factors of synovial joints
Shapes of articular surfaces(minor) Ligament number and location(limited role) Muscle tendons that cross joint(most important)
31
Attachment to immovable bone
Origin
32
Attachment to movable bone
Insertion
33
Muscle contraction causes insertion to move __________ origin
Toward
34
Slipping movements only
Nonaxial
35
Movement in one place
Uniaxial
36
Movement in two planes
Biaxial
37
Movement in or around all three planes
Multiaxial
38
Three types of synovial movement
Gliding Angular Rotation
39
One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface Ex/ intercarpal, intertarsal joints and between articular processes of vertebrae
Gliding
40
``` Increase or decrease angle between two bones Movement along sagittal plane Flexion, extension, hyperextension Movement along frontal plane Addiction and abduction Circumduction ```
Angular
41
Decreases the angle of the joint
Flexion
42
Increases the angle of the joint
Extension
43
Movement beyond the anatomical position
Hyperextension
44
Movement away from the midline
Abduction
45
Movement toward the midline
Adduction
46
Limb describes vine in space | Circular rotation
Circumduction
47
Turning of bone around it's own long axis | Rotation of humerus and femur and axis and atlas
Rotation
48
Six types of synovial joints
``` Plane Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball and socket ```
49
Nonaxial movement Flat articular surfaces Intercarpal, intertarsal joints and between vertebral articular surfaces
Plane joint
50
Uniaxial movement Cylinder and axis Elbow joints and interphalangeal joints
Hinge joint
51
Uniaxial movement Vertical axis and axle and sleeve Radioulnar joint
Pivot joints
52
Oval articular surfaces Biaxial movement Knuckle and wrist joints
Consular joint
53
Biaxial movement | Carpometacarpal joints
Saddle joint
54
Multiaxial movements | Shoulder and hip joints
Ball and socket
55
Largest most complex joint of body | Three joints surrounded by single joint cavity
Knee joint
56
Plane joint | Allows for gliding motion during knee flexion
Femoropatellar joint
57
Femoral condyles with lateral and medial menisci of tibia | Allow flexion, extension and some rotation when knee partly flexed
Lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints
58
Ball and socket joint Most freely moving joint in body Reinforcing muscle tendons Four rotator cuff tendons encircle it
Shoulder joint
59
Four rotator cuffs
Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor
60
Articulation of radius and ulna with humerus | Hinge joint
Elbow joint
61
Ball and socket joint | Good range of motion but limited by the deep socket
Hip joint
62
Rim of fibrocartilage
Acetabular labrum
63
Mandibular anodyne articulates with temporal bone Hinge and gliding Most easily dislocated joint in boy
TMJ | AKA temporimadibular joint
64
Due to compression and stress Fragments may cause joint to lock or bind Cartilage rarely repairs itself Repaired with arthroscopic surgery
Cartilage tears
65
Reinforcing ligaments stretched or torn Partial tears slowly repair (poor vascularization) Three options
Sprains
66
Three options for sprains
Ends sewn together Replaces with grafts Time and immobilization
67
Bones forced out of alignment Accompanied by sprains and inflammation Caused by serious falls or contact sports Must be reduced to treat
Dislocations aka luxations
68
Partial dislocation of a joint
Subluxation
69
Inflammation of bursa | Treated with rest and ice
Bursitis
70
Inflammation of tendon sheaths due to overuse
Tendonitis
71
100 types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage joints Most widespread disease in us Symptoms/ pain stiffness and swelling of joint Caused by bacteria
Arthritis
72
Common irreversible degenerative arthritis
Osteoarthritis
73
``` Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease More women than men Usually between 30 and 50 Symptoms/ joint pain, swelling, muscle weakness Synovial fluid accumulates ```
Rheumatoid arthritis
74
More common in men Deposition of Utica acid crystals in joints Joint at base of big toe If untreated, bone ends fuse and immobilize joint
Gouty arthritis
75
Caused by bacteria from tick bites Symptoms/ skin rash, flu symptoms, foggy thinking May lead to joint pain and arthritis
Lyme disease

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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