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Anatomy And Pysiology > Ch 8 Joints > Flashcards

Ch 8 Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Site where two or more bones meet

A

Articulation

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2
Q

Functions of joints

A

Give skeleton mobility

Hold skeleton together

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3
Q

Two classifications of joints

A

Functional and structural

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4
Q

Three functional classifications

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

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5
Q

Immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

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6
Q

Slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

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7
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diarthroses

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8
Q

Three structural classifications

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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9
Q

Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
No joint cavity
Most synarthrotic
3 types

A

Fibrous joints

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10
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

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11
Q

In middle age sutures ossify and fuse

A

Synostoses

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12
Q

Rigid interlocking joints
Immovable joints for protection of brain
Contain short connective tissue fibers
Allow for growth during youth

A

Sutures

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13
Q

Bones connected by ligaments

Fiber length and movement vary

A

Syndesmoses

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14
Q

Peg in socket joints of teeth in alvelolar sockets

A

Gomphoses

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15
Q

Fibrous connection

A

Periodontal ligament

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16
Q

Bones united by cartilage
No joint cavity
Not highly movable
Two types

A

Cartilaginous joints

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17
Q

Two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchodroses

Symphyses

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18
Q

Bar/ plate of hyaline cartilage that unites bones

All are synarthrotic

A

Synchondroses

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19
Q

Fibrocartilage unites bone

Strong and flexible amphiarthroses

A

Symphyses

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20
Q

Bones separated by fluid filled joint cavity
All are diarthrotic
Most joints of body

A

Synovial joints

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21
Q

Six features of synovial joints

A 
Articular cartilage/hyaline
Joint cavity
Articular joint capsule(2 layers)
Synovial fluid
Different types of reinforcing ligaments
Nerves and blood vessels
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22
Q

What are the two layers of synovial joints

A

External fibrous layer

Inner synovial membrane

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23
Q

Thickened part of fibrous layer

A

Capsular

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24
Q

Outside the capsule

A

Extracapsular

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25
Q

Deep to capsule

Covered by synovial membrane

A

Intracapsular

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26
Q

For cushioning between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone

A

Fatty pads

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27
Q

Fibrocartilage separates articular surfaces to improve fit of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear

A

Articular discs(menisci)

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28
Q

Sacs lined with synovial membrane

Reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, tendons, or bones rub together

A

Bursae

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29
Q

Elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction
“Hot dog bun”

A

Tendon sheaths

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30
Q

Three factors of synovial joints

A

Shapes of articular surfaces(minor)
Ligament number and location(limited role)
Muscle tendons that cross joint(most important)

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31
Q

Attachment to immovable bone

A

Origin

32
Q

Attachment to movable bone

A

Insertion

33
Q

Muscle contraction causes insertion to move __________ origin

A

Toward

34
Q

Slipping movements only

A

Nonaxial

35
Q

Movement in one place

A

Uniaxial

36
Q

Movement in two planes

A

Biaxial

37
Q

Movement in or around all three planes

A

Multiaxial

38
Q

Three types of synovial movement

A

Gliding
Angular
Rotation

39
Q

One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface
Ex/ intercarpal, intertarsal joints and between articular processes of vertebrae

A

Gliding

40
Q 
Increase or decrease angle between two bones
Movement along sagittal plane 
Flexion, extension, hyperextension
Movement along frontal plane 
Addiction and abduction
Circumduction
A

Angular

41
Q

Decreases the angle of the joint

A

Flexion

42
Q

Increases the angle of the joint

A

Extension

43
Q

Movement beyond the anatomical position

A

Hyperextension

44
Q

Movement away from the midline

A

Abduction

45
Q

Movement toward the midline

A

Adduction

46
Q

Limb describes vine in space

Circular rotation

A

Circumduction

47
Q

Turning of bone around it’s own long axis

Rotation of humerus and femur and axis and atlas

A

Rotation

48
Q

Six types of synovial joints

A 
Plane 
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball and socket
49
Q

Nonaxial movement
Flat articular surfaces
Intercarpal, intertarsal joints and between vertebral articular surfaces

A

Plane joint

50
Q

Uniaxial movement
Cylinder and axis
Elbow joints and interphalangeal joints

A

Hinge joint

51
Q

Uniaxial movement
Vertical axis and axle and sleeve
Radioulnar joint

A

Pivot joints

52
Q

Oval articular surfaces
Biaxial movement
Knuckle and wrist joints

A

Consular joint

53
Q

Biaxial movement

Carpometacarpal joints

A

Saddle joint

54
Q

Multiaxial movements

Shoulder and hip joints

A

Ball and socket

55
Q

Largest most complex joint of body

Three joints surrounded by single joint cavity

A

Knee joint

56
Q

Plane joint

Allows for gliding motion during knee flexion

A

Femoropatellar joint

57
Q

Femoral condyles with lateral and medial menisci of tibia

Allow flexion, extension and some rotation when knee partly flexed

A

Lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints

58
Q

Ball and socket joint
Most freely moving joint in body
Reinforcing muscle tendons
Four rotator cuff tendons encircle it

A

Shoulder joint

59
Q

Four rotator cuffs

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

60
Q

Articulation of radius and ulna with humerus

Hinge joint

A

Elbow joint

61
Q

Ball and socket joint

Good range of motion but limited by the deep socket

A

Hip joint

62
Q

Rim of fibrocartilage

A

Acetabular labrum

63
Q

Mandibular anodyne articulates with temporal bone
Hinge and gliding
Most easily dislocated joint in boy

A

TMJ

AKA temporimadibular joint

64
Q

Due to compression and stress
Fragments may cause joint to lock or bind
Cartilage rarely repairs itself
Repaired with arthroscopic surgery

A

Cartilage tears

65
Q

Reinforcing ligaments stretched or torn
Partial tears slowly repair (poor vascularization)
Three options

A

Sprains

66
Q

Three options for sprains

A

Ends sewn together
Replaces with grafts
Time and immobilization

67
Q

Bones forced out of alignment
Accompanied by sprains and inflammation
Caused by serious falls or contact sports
Must be reduced to treat

A

Dislocations aka luxations

68
Q

Partial dislocation of a joint

A

Subluxation

69
Q

Inflammation of bursa

Treated with rest and ice

A

Bursitis

70
Q

Inflammation of tendon sheaths due to overuse

A

Tendonitis

71
Q

100 types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage joints
Most widespread disease in us
Symptoms/ pain stiffness and swelling of joint
Caused by bacteria

A

Arthritis

72
Q

Common irreversible degenerative arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis

73
Q 
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease
More women than men
Usually between 30 and 50
Symptoms/ joint pain, swelling, muscle weakness 
Synovial fluid accumulates
A

Rheumatoid arthritis

74
Q

More common in men
Deposition of Utica acid crystals in joints
Joint at base of big toe
If untreated, bone ends fuse and immobilize joint

A

Gouty arthritis

75
Q

Caused by bacteria from tick bites
Symptoms/ skin rash, flu symptoms, foggy thinking
May lead to joint pain and arthritis

A

Lyme disease

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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