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Anatomy And Pysiology > Ch 15 Endocrine > Flashcards

Ch 15 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Study of hormones and endocrine organs

A

endocrinoogy

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2
Q

Produce hormones

Lack ducts

A

endocrine

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3
Q 
Nonhormonal substances (sweat, saliva)
Have ducts to carry secretion to membrane surface
A

exocrine

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4
Q

endocrine glands

A

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands

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5
Q

Some have exocrine and endocrine functions

A

pancreas, gonads, placenta

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6
Q

long-distance chemical signals; travel in blood or lymph

A

hormones

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7
Q

chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them

A

autocrines

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8
Q

locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them

A

paracrines

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9
Q

two main classes of hormones

A

amino acid and steroids

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10
Q

posterior pituitary

A

neural tissue

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11
Q

anterior pituitary

A

glandular

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12
Q

stores ADH and oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary

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13
Q

Strong stimulant of uterine contraction
Released during childbirth
Hormonal trigger for milk ejection
Acts as neurotransmitter in brain

A

oxytocin

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14
Q

Inhibits or prevents urine formation
Regulates water balance
Targets kidney tubules  reabsorb more water
Release also triggered by pain, low blood pressure, and drugs
Inhibited by alcohol, diuretics
High concentrations  vasoconstriction

A

ADH

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15
Q

ADH deficiency due to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary damage
Must keep well-hydrated

A

diabetes insipidus

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16
Q

Retention of fluid, headache, disorientation

Fluid restriction; blood sodium level monitoring

A

SIADH

17
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A 
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
18
Q

In children results in gigantism

In adults results in acromegaly

A

hypersecretion

19
Q

In children results in pituitary dwarfism

A

hyposecretion

20
Q

Mediates growth via growth-promoting proteins
stimulate:
Uptake of nutrients  DNA and proteins
Formation of collagen and deposition of bone matrix

A

IGFs

21
Q

Produced by somatotropic cells

Direct actions on metabolism

A

growth hormone

22
Q

Secreted by corticotropic cells of anterior pituitary

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids

A

ACTH

23
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

gonadotropins

24
Q

stimulates gamete (egg or sperm) production

A

FSH

25
Q

promotes production of gonadal hormones

A

LH

26
Q

Secreted by prolactin cells of anterior pituitary
Stimulates milk production
Role in males not well understood

A

prolactin

27
Q

Two lateral lobes connected by median mass called

A

isthmus

28
Q

produce the hormone calcitonin

A

parafollicular cells

29
Q

Major metabolic hormone
Increases metabolic rate and heat production (calorigenic effect)
Regulation of tissue growth and development
Maintenence of blood pressure

A

thyroid hormone

30
Q

hyposecretion of TH in adults

A

myxedema and goiter

31
Q

hyposecretion of TH in infants

A

cretinism

32
Q

hypersecretion of TH

A

graves disease

33
Q

Produced by parafollicular (C) cells

Antagonist to parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

calcitonin

34
Q

nervous tissue; part of sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenal medulla

35
Q

three layers of glandular tissue that synthesize and secrete corticosteroids

A

adrenal cortex

36
Q

layers of adrenal cortex and what they each produce

A

Zona glomerulosa—mineralocorticoids
Zona fasciculata—glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis—gonadocorticoids

37
Q

synthesize epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)

A

Medullary chromaffin cells

38
Q

hypersecretion of adrenal medulla

A

Hyperglycemia, increased metabolic rate, rapid heartbeat and palpitations, hypertension, intense nervousness, sweating

39
Q

hyposecretion of adrenal medulla

A

Not problematic

Adrenal catecholamines not essential to life

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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