Ch 12 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Evolutionary development of anterior portion of CNS
Increases number of neurons in head
Highest level reaches in human brain

A

Cephalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Brain and spinal cord begin as neural tube when

A

Fourth week of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 primary vesicles form at anterior end

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Forebrain

A

Prosencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hindbrain

A

Rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Posterior end becomes what

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This becomes the cerebral hemispheres

A

Telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This becomes epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and retina

A

Dicephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This becomes midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This becomes pons and cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This becomes the medulla oblongata

A

Myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This becomes ventricles

A

Central cavity of neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adult brain regions

A

Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Central cavity surrounded by gray matter

External white matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Similar pattern of spinal cord
Additional areas of gray matter
Cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
Cortex disappears in brain stem

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Outer gray matter

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ridges

A

Gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shallow grooves

A

Sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Deep grooves

A

Fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Separates two hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Separates cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Transverse cerebral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Five lobes of cerebral hemisphere

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

24
Q

Separates precentral gurus of frontal lobe and postcentral gyros of parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

25
Separates occipital and parietal lobes
Parieto occipital sulcus
26
Outlines temporal lobes
Lateral sulcus
27
Three regions of cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei
28
Gray matter superficially
Cerebral cortex
29
Internally
While matter
30
Deep within white matter
Basal nuclei
31
Thin superficial layer of gray matter 40% mass of brain Site of conscious mind
Cerebral cortex
32
3 functional areas of cerebral cortex
Motor areas, sensory areas, association areas
33
Controls voluntary movement
Motor areas
34
Conscious awareness of sensation
Sensory areas
35
Integrate diverse information
Association areas
36
Each hemisphere is concerned with ____________ side of body
Contralateral
37
I'm precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex
38
Anterior to precentral gyrus
Promoter cortex
39
Anterior to inferior premotor area
Broca's area
40
Within and anterior to premotor cortex | Superior to Broca's area
Frontal eye field
41
Large pyramidal cells of precentral gyri Long axons Allows conscious control of precise skilled skeletal muscle movement Motor homunculi
Primary motor cortex
42
Upside down caricatures represent contralateral motor innervation of body regions
Motor homunculi
43
Helps plan movements and staging area for skilled motor activities Controls learned repetitive skills Coordinates simultaneous actions Controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback
Premotor cortex
44
Present in one hemisphere Motor speech area that directs muscles of speech production Active in planning speech and voluntary motor activities
Broca's area
45
Controls voluntary eye movements
Frontal eye field
46
Extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe most Burris in calcarine sulcus Receives visual information from retinas
Primary visual cortex
47
Surrounds primary visual cortex Uses last visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli Complex processing involves entire posterior half of cerebral hemispheres
Visual association area
48
Superior margin of temporal lobes | Interprets information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location
Primary auditory cortex
49
Located posterior to primary auditory cortex | Stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sound stimulus
Auditory association area
50
Medial aspect of temporal lobes Part of primitive rhinecephalon Part of limbic system Region of conscious awareness of odors
Primary olfactory cortex
51
In insula just deep to temporal lobe | Involved in perception of taste
Gustatory cortex
52
Posterior to gustatory cortex | Conscious perception of visceral sensations ie/ full bladder
Visceral sensory area
53
Posterior part of insula and adjacent parietal cortex | Responsible for conscious awareness of balance
Vestibular cortex
54
Three broad parts of multimodal association areas
Anterior, posterior, and limbic association areas
55
Most complicated cortical region Involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality Confirms working memory Development depends on feedback from social environment
Anterior association area
56
Large region in temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes Plays role in recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space Involved in understanding written and spoken language(Wernicke's area)
Posterior association area
57
Part of limbic system Involved cingulate gyrus, parahipoocampal gyrus, and hippocampus Provides emotional impact that makes scene important and helps establish memories
Limbic association area