Ch 12 CNS

Question 1

Evolutionary development of anterior portion of CNS
Increases number of neurons in head
Highest level reaches in human brain

Answer 1

Cephalization

Question 2

Brain and spinal cord begin as neural tube when

Answer 2

Fourth week of pregnancy

Question 3

3 primary vesicles form at anterior end

Answer 3

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Question 4

Forebrain

Answer 4

Prosencephalon

Question 5

Midbrain

Answer 5

Mesencephalon

Question 6

Hindbrain

Answer 6

Rhombencephalon

Question 7

Posterior end becomes what

Answer 7

Spinal cord

Question 8

This becomes the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 8

Telencephalon

Question 9

This becomes epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and retina

Answer 9

Dicephalon

Question 10

This becomes midbrain

Answer 10

Mesencephalon

Question 11

This becomes pons and cerebellum

Answer 11

Metencephalon

Question 12

This becomes the medulla oblongata

Answer 12

Myelencephalon

Question 13

This becomes ventricles

Answer 13

Central cavity of neural tube

Question 14

Adult brain regions

Answer 14

Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

Question 15

Central cavity surrounded by gray matter

External white matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts

Answer 15

Spinal cord

Question 16

Similar pattern of spinal cord
Additional areas of gray matter
Cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
Cortex disappears in brain stem

Answer 16

Brain

Question 17

Outer gray matter

Answer 17

Cortex

Question 18

Ridges

Answer 18

Gyri

Question 19

Shallow grooves

Answer 19

Sulci

Question 20

Deep grooves

Answer 20

Fissures

Question 21

Separates two hemispheres

Answer 21

Longitudinal fissure

Question 22

Separates cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 22

Transverse cerebral fissure

Question 23

Five lobes of cerebral hemisphere

Answer 23

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

Question 24

Separates precentral gurus of frontal lobe and postcentral gyros of parietal lobe

Answer 24

Central sulcus

Question 25

Separates occipital and parietal lobes

Answer 25

Parieto occipital sulcus

Question 26

Outlines temporal lobes

Answer 26

Lateral sulcus

Question 27

Three regions of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 27

Cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei

Question 28

Gray matter superficially

Answer 28

Cerebral cortex

Question 29

Internally

Answer 29

While matter

Question 30

Deep within white matter

Answer 30

Basal nuclei

Question 31

Thin superficial layer of gray matter 40% mass of brain Site of conscious mind

Answer 31

Cerebral cortex

Question 32

3 functional areas of cerebral cortex

Answer 32

Motor areas, sensory areas, association areas

Question 33

Controls voluntary movement

Answer 33

Motor areas

Question 34

Conscious awareness of sensation

Answer 34

Sensory areas

Question 35

Integrate diverse information

Answer 35

Association areas

Question 36

Each hemisphere is concerned with ____________ side of body

Answer 36

Contralateral

Question 37

I'm precentral gyrus

Answer 37

Primary motor cortex

Question 38

Anterior to precentral gyrus

Answer 38

Promoter cortex

Question 39

Anterior to inferior premotor area

Answer 39

Broca's area

Question 40

Within and anterior to premotor cortex | Superior to Broca's area

Answer 40

Frontal eye field

Question 41

Large pyramidal cells of precentral gyri Long axons Allows conscious control of precise skilled skeletal muscle movement Motor homunculi

Answer 41

Primary motor cortex

Question 42

Upside down caricatures represent contralateral motor innervation of body regions

Answer 42

Motor homunculi

Question 43

Helps plan movements and staging area for skilled motor activities Controls learned repetitive skills Coordinates simultaneous actions Controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback

Answer 43

Premotor cortex

Question 44

Present in one hemisphere Motor speech area that directs muscles of speech production Active in planning speech and voluntary motor activities

Answer 44

Broca's area

Question 45

Controls voluntary eye movements

Answer 45

Frontal eye field

Question 46

Extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe most Burris in calcarine sulcus Receives visual information from retinas

Answer 46

Primary visual cortex

Question 47

Surrounds primary visual cortex Uses last visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli Complex processing involves entire posterior half of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 47

Visual association area

Question 48

Superior margin of temporal lobes | Interprets information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location

Answer 48

Primary auditory cortex

Question 49

Located posterior to primary auditory cortex | Stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sound stimulus

Answer 49

Auditory association area

Question 50

Medial aspect of temporal lobes Part of primitive rhinecephalon Part of limbic system Region of conscious awareness of odors

Answer 50

Primary olfactory cortex

Question 51

In insula just deep to temporal lobe | Involved in perception of taste

Answer 51

Gustatory cortex

Question 52

Posterior to gustatory cortex | Conscious perception of visceral sensations ie/ full bladder

Answer 52

Visceral sensory area

Question 53

Posterior part of insula and adjacent parietal cortex | Responsible for conscious awareness of balance

Answer 53

Vestibular cortex

Question 54

Three broad parts of multimodal association areas

Answer 54

Anterior, posterior, and limbic association areas

Question 55

Most complicated cortical region Involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality Confirms working memory Development depends on feedback from social environment

Answer 55

Anterior association area

Question 56

Large region in temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes Plays role in recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space Involved in understanding written and spoken language(Wernicke's area)

Answer 56

Posterior association area

Question 57

Part of limbic system Involved cingulate gyrus, parahipoocampal gyrus, and hippocampus Provides emotional impact that makes scene important and helps establish memories

Answer 57

Limbic association area