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Anatomy And Pysiology > Ch 12 CNS > Flashcards

Ch 12 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Evolutionary development of anterior portion of CNS
Increases number of neurons in head
Highest level reaches in human brain

A

Cephalization

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2
Q

Brain and spinal cord begin as neural tube when

A

Fourth week of pregnancy

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3
Q

3 primary vesicles form at anterior end

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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4
Q

Forebrain

A

Prosencephalon

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5
Q

Midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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6
Q

Hindbrain

A

Rhombencephalon

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7
Q

Posterior end becomes what

A

Spinal cord

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8
Q

This becomes the cerebral hemispheres

A

Telencephalon

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9
Q

This becomes epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and retina

A

Dicephalon

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10
Q

This becomes midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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11
Q

This becomes pons and cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

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12
Q

This becomes the medulla oblongata

A

Myelencephalon

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13
Q

This becomes ventricles

A

Central cavity of neural tube

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14
Q

Adult brain regions

A

Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

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15
Q

Central cavity surrounded by gray matter

External white matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts

A

Spinal cord

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16
Q

Similar pattern of spinal cord
Additional areas of gray matter
Cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
Cortex disappears in brain stem

A

Brain

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17
Q

Outer gray matter

A

Cortex

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18
Q

Ridges

A

Gyri

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19
Q

Shallow grooves

A

Sulci

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20
Q

Deep grooves

A

Fissures

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21
Q

Separates two hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

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22
Q

Separates cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Transverse cerebral fissure

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23
Q

Five lobes of cerebral hemisphere

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

24
Q

Separates precentral gurus of frontal lobe and postcentral gyros of parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

25
Q

Separates occipital and parietal lobes

A

Parieto occipital sulcus

26
Q

Outlines temporal lobes

A

Lateral sulcus

27
Q

Three regions of cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei

28
Q

Gray matter superficially

A

Cerebral cortex

29
Q

Internally

A

While matter

30
Q

Deep within white matter

A

Basal nuclei

31
Q

Thin superficial layer of gray matter
40% mass of brain
Site of conscious mind

A

Cerebral cortex

32
Q

3 functional areas of cerebral cortex

A

Motor areas, sensory areas, association areas

33
Q

Controls voluntary movement

A

Motor areas

34
Q

Conscious awareness of sensation

A

Sensory areas

35
Q

Integrate diverse information

A

Association areas

36
Q

Each hemisphere is concerned with ____________ side of body

A

Contralateral

37
Q

I’m precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

38
Q

Anterior to precentral gyrus

A

Promoter cortex

39
Q

Anterior to inferior premotor area

A

Broca’s area

40
Q

Within and anterior to premotor cortex

Superior to Broca’s area

A

Frontal eye field

41
Q

Large pyramidal cells of precentral gyri
Long axons
Allows conscious control of precise skilled skeletal muscle movement
Motor homunculi

A

Primary motor cortex

42
Q

Upside down caricatures represent contralateral motor innervation of body regions

A

Motor homunculi

43
Q

Helps plan movements and staging area for skilled motor activities
Controls learned repetitive skills
Coordinates simultaneous actions
Controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback

A

Premotor cortex

44
Q

Present in one hemisphere
Motor speech area that directs muscles of speech production
Active in planning speech and voluntary motor activities

A

Broca’s area

45
Q

Controls voluntary eye movements

A

Frontal eye field

46
Q

Extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe most Burris in calcarine sulcus
Receives visual information from retinas

A

Primary visual cortex

47
Q

Surrounds primary visual cortex
Uses last visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli
Complex processing involves entire posterior half of cerebral hemispheres

A

Visual association area

48
Q

Superior margin of temporal lobes

Interprets information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location

A

Primary auditory cortex

49
Q

Located posterior to primary auditory cortex

Stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sound stimulus

A

Auditory association area

50
Q

Medial aspect of temporal lobes
Part of primitive rhinecephalon
Part of limbic system
Region of conscious awareness of odors

A

Primary olfactory cortex

51
Q

In insula just deep to temporal lobe

Involved in perception of taste

A

Gustatory cortex

52
Q

Posterior to gustatory cortex

Conscious perception of visceral sensations ie/ full bladder

A

Visceral sensory area

53
Q

Posterior part of insula and adjacent parietal cortex

Responsible for conscious awareness of balance

A

Vestibular cortex

54
Q

Three broad parts of multimodal association areas

A

Anterior, posterior, and limbic association areas

55
Q

Most complicated cortical region
Involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality
Confirms working memory
Development depends on feedback from social environment

A

Anterior association area

56
Q

Large region in temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
Plays role in recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space
Involved in understanding written and spoken language(Wernicke’s area)

A

Posterior association area

57
Q

Part of limbic system
Involved cingulate gyrus, parahipoocampal gyrus, and hippocampus
Provides emotional impact that makes scene important and helps establish memories

A

Limbic association area

Anatomy And Pysiology (20 decks)

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