Plant Kingdom

Question 1

The earliest systems of classification used only gross………such as …………etc.

Answer 1

superficial morphological characters

habit, colour, number and shape of leaves

Question 2

Artificial systems were based mainly on………….or on the………………structure

Answer 2

vegetative characters androecium

Question 3

Assertion: artificial systems gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics; this is not acceptable

Answer 3

Reason: often the vegetative characters are more easily affected by environment

Question 4

Most common asexual spore in algae is

Answer 4

zoospores.

Question 5

Many species of………………………are among the……….species of marine algae used as food

Answer 5

Porphyra, Laminaria and Sargassum
70

Question 6

Chlorella an …………..alga rich in proteins is used as food supplement even by…………..

Answer 6

unicellular

space travellers.

Question 7

Chlorophyceae examples
<5>

Answer 7

Chlamydomonas
volvox
ulothrix
spirogyra
Chara
Acetabularia

Question 8

Phaeophyceae

Answer 8

Fucus
Laminaria
Ectocarpus
Dictyota
Sargassum
Macrocystis

Question 9

Rhodophyceae

Answer 9

Polysiphonia
Porphyra
Gracilaria
Geladium

Question 10

Species of…………….. a moss, provide peat that have long been used as fuel

Answer 10

Sphagnum

Question 11

Assertion: Sphagnum is used as packing material for trans-shipment of living material

Answer 11

Reason: because of their capacity to hold water.

Question 12

Mosses along with lichens are of great ecological importance

Answer 12

Reason: They are the first organisms to colonise rocks

Question 13

Assertion: Mosses prevent soil erosion

Answer 13

Reason: Since they form dense mats and lower impact of falling rain

Question 14

Assertion: Mosses are beneficial for growth of higher plants

Answer 14

Reason: They decompose rocks and make substrate suitable for growth

Question 15

Liverworts grow usually in………………such as banks of streams, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods.

Answer 15

moist, shady habitats

Question 16

Plant body of liverwort is………

Answer 16

Thalloid

Question 17

Leafy members have tiny………….appendages in……….rows on the stem-like structures

Answer 17

leaf-like

two

Question 18

Gemmae are…………./………../……………which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli.

Answer 18

green, multicellular, asexual buds

Question 19

The gametophyte of moss consists of two stages, the first stage is the……… and it develop directly from…….

Answer 19

protonema stage
Spore

Question 20

……………… of moss is creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage

Answer 20

The first stage ie the protonema

Question 21

Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by………….and………….in the…………….protonema

Answer 21

fragmentation. budding. secondary

Question 22

The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses
True or false

Answer 22

False

The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than that in liverworts

Question 23

Common examples of mosses are

Answer 23

Funaria, Polytrichum and Sphagnum

Question 24

Evolutionarily, they are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues – xylem and phloem.
Tell who are they

Answer 24

Pteridophytes

Question 25

Pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places and may not flourish well in sandy-soil conditions True or false

Answer 25

False. Some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions

Question 26

Leaves in pteridophyta are small (microphylls) as in………..or large (macrophylls) as in……..

Answer 26

Selaginella. ferns

Question 27

Sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called strobili or cones as in……../………

Answer 27

Selaginella, Equisetum

Question 28

Assertion: The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions

Answer 28

Reason:These gametophytes require cool, damp, shady places to grow. Because of this specific restricted requirement and the need for water for fertilisation

Question 29

Genera like ……………./……………which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores, are known as………..

Answer 29

Selaginella and Salvinia heterosporous

Question 30

In pteridophyte female gametophytes in these plants are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods and development of the zygotes into young embryos take place within the female gametophytes. This event is…..

Answer 30

This event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution

Question 31

Gymnosperms ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed before fertilisation only True or false

Answer 31

False they are not enclosed both before and after fertilisation

Question 32

One of the gymnosperms, the giant redwood tree……….is one of the tallest tree species

Answer 32

Sequoia

Question 33

In gymnosperms roots are generally fiberous roots. True or false?

Answer 33

Roots are tap root

Question 34

Mycorrhiza ie association with fungi is found in……….while in some others like…………small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with N2- fixing cyanobacteria

Answer 34

Pinus Cycus

Question 35

Stems are unbranched………….or branched……../………

Answer 35

Cycas Pinus, Cedrus

Question 36

Sporophylls are arranged laterally along an axis to form lax or compact strobili or cones True or false?

Answer 36

False Arranged spirally

Question 37

In gymnosperms development of pollen grains take place out of the microsporangia True or false

Answer 37

False Takes place within

Question 38

The male or female cones or strobili may be borne on the same tree……… and in………male cones and megasporophylls are borne on different trees

Answer 38

Pinus cycas

Question 39

Isogamous flagellted sex gametes

Answer 39

Ulothrix

Question 40

Isogamous non flagellted sexual gametes

Answer 40

Spirogyra

Question 41

Anisogamous sexual gametes

Answer 41

Eudorina

Question 42

Oogamous reproduction

Answer 42

Volvux and fucus

Question 43

Different chloroplast shapes

Answer 43

Discoid Plate-like Reticulate Cup-shaped Spiral Ribbon-shaped

Question 44

Pyrenoids are

Answer 44

Storage bodies in chloroplast Contain Proteins surrounded by starch granules

Question 45

Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of ....... and an outer layer of .....

Answer 45

cellulose pectose

Question 46

Asexual reproduction in most brown algae is by ........ zoospores that are pear-shaped and have two ......... laterally attached flagella.

Answer 46

biflagellate unequal Same goes for sexual gametes

Question 47

Sexual reproduction in red algae is isogamous accompanied by simple post fertilization events

Answer 47

False Oogamous reproduction and complex post fertilization events

Question 48

Pteridophytes examples

Answer 48

The pteridophytes are further classified into four classes: Psilopsida (Psilotum) Lycopsida (Selaginella, Lycopodium) Sphenopsida (Equisetum) Pteropsida (Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum).

Question 49

Assertion: heterospory in some pteridophytes paved way for evolution of seeds in higher plants

Answer 49

Reason: female gametophytes are retained on main plant body and development of zygotes take place in female gametophytes

Question 50

Pyrenoids are are starch surrounded by proteins True or false

Answer 50

False Their central cor is composed of rubisco protein and surrounded by starch deposits These function in starch accumulation Hence these are proteins surrounded by starch grains

Question 51

The leafy stage of mosses consists of upright slender axis bearing ………… arranged leaves

Answer 51

Spirally

Question 52

Rhizoids in leafy stage of mosses are

Answer 52

Multicellular and branched

Question 53

Which stage of moss bears sex organs

Answer 53

Leafy stage

Question 54

What is essence of gymnosperms why are they considered naked seeded

Answer 54

These are considered as naked seeds because the ovule is not covered by the ovary and seed not covered by fruit. It’s wrong to assume that the naked seed means no integuments or covering

Question 55

Terms and conditions for seed habit (3)

Answer 55

One of the spores has to be retained on sporophyte generation or previous generation (mostly megaspore/ female gamete) Nourishment of new generation (zygote0 must take place on previous generation Covering or integuments are present The 3rd one is absent in pteridophyte and so they considered to have PRECURSOR to seed habit