Plant Kingdom Flashcards
The earliest systems of classification used only gross………such as …………etc.
superficial morphological characters
habit, colour, number and shape of leaves
Artificial systems were based mainly on………….or on the………………structure
vegetative characters androecium
Assertion: artificial systems gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics; this is not acceptable
Reason: often the vegetative characters are more easily affected by environment
Most common asexual spore in algae is
zoospores.
Many species of………………………are among the……….species of marine algae used as food
Porphyra, Laminaria and Sargassum
70
Chlorella an …………..alga rich in proteins is used as food supplement even by…………..
unicellular
space travellers.
Chlorophyceae examples
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Chlamydomonas
volvox
ulothrix
spirogyra
Chara
Acetabularia
Phaeophyceae
Fucus
Laminaria
Ectocarpus
Dictyota
Sargassum
Macrocystis
Rhodophyceae
Polysiphonia
Porphyra
Gracilaria
Geladium
Species of…………….. a moss, provide peat that have long been used as fuel
Sphagnum
Assertion: Sphagnum is used as packing material for trans-shipment of living material
Reason: because of their capacity to hold water.
Mosses along with lichens are of great ecological importance
Reason: They are the first organisms to colonise rocks
Assertion: Mosses prevent soil erosion
Reason: Since they form dense mats and lower impact of falling rain
Assertion: Mosses are beneficial for growth of higher plants
Reason: They decompose rocks and make substrate suitable for growth
Liverworts grow usually in………………such as banks of streams, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods.
moist, shady habitats
Plant body of liverwort is………
Thalloid
Leafy members have tiny………….appendages in……….rows on the stem-like structures
leaf-like
two
Gemmae are…………./………../……………which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli.
green, multicellular, asexual buds
gametophyte of moss consists of two stages, the first stage is the………
protonema stage
……………… of moss is creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage
Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by………….and………….in the…………….protonema
fragmentation. budding. secondary
The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses
True or false
False
The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than that in liverworts
Common examples of mosses are
Funaria, Polytrichum and Sphagnum
Evolutionarily, they are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues – xylem and phloem.
Tell who are they
Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places and may not flourish well in sandy-soil conditions
True or false
False. Some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions
Leaves in pteridophyta are small (microphylls) as in………..or large (macrophylls) as in……..
Selaginella. ferns
Sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called strobili or cones as in……../………
Selaginella, Equisetum
Assertion: The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions
Reason:These gametophytes require cool, damp, shady places to grow. Because of this specific restricted requirement and the need for water for fertilisation
Genera like ……………./……………which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores, are known as………..
Selaginella and Salvinia
heterosporous
In pteridophyte female gametophytes in these plants are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods and development of the zygotes into young embryos take place within the female gametophytes.
This event is…..
This event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution
Gymnosperms ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed before fertilisation only
True or false
False
they are not enclosed both before and after fertilisation
One of the gymnosperms, the giant redwood tree……….is one of the tallest tree species
Sequoia
In gymnosperms roots are generally prop roots.
True or false?
Roots are tap root
Mycorrhiza ie association with fungi is found in……….while in some others like…………small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with N2- fixing cyanobacteria
Pinus
Cycus
Stems are unbranched………….or branched……../………
Cycas
Pinus, Cedrus
Sporophylls are arranged laterally along an axis to form lax or compact strobili or cones
True or false?
False
Arranged spirally
In gymnosperms development of pollen grains take place out of the microsporangia
True or false
False
Takes place within
The male or female cones or strobili may be borne on the same tree……… and in………male cones and megasporophylls are borne on different trees
Pinus
cycas
Isogamous flagellted sex gametes
Ulothrix
Isogamous non flagellted sexual gametes
Spirogyra
Anisogamous sexual gametes
Eudorina
Oogamous reproduction
Volvux and fucus
Different chloroplast shapes
Discoid
Plate-like
Reticulate
Cup-shaped
Spiral
Ribbon-shaped
Pyrenoids are
Storage bodies in chloroplast
Contain Proteins surrounded by starch granules
Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of ……. and an outer layer of …..
cellulose
pectose
Asexual reproduction in most brown algae is by …….. zoospores that are pear-shaped and have two ……… laterally attached flagella.
biflagellate
unequal
Same goes for sexual gametes
Sexual reproduction in red algae is isogamous accompanied by simple post fertilization events
False
Oogamous reproduction and complex post fertilization events
Pteridophytes examples
The pteridophytes are further classified into four classes: Psilopsida (Psilotum)
Lycopsida (Selaginella, Lycopodium)
Sphenopsida (Equisetum)
Pteropsida (Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum).
Assertion: heterospory in some pteridophytes paved way for evolution of seeds in higher plants
Reason: female gametophytes are retained on main plant body and development of zygotes take place in female gametophytes
Pyrenoids are are starch surrounded by proteins
True or false
False
Their central cor is composed of rubisco protein and surrounded by starch deposits
These function in starch accumulation
Hence these are proteins surrounded by starch grains
