Morphology Of Flowering Plants Flashcards
Tap roots of……..and adventitious roots of……….get swollen and store food.
carrot turnip
sweet potato
Statement 1: hanging structures that support a banyan tree are called prop roots.
Statement 2: Similarly, the stems of maize and sugarcane have supporting roots coming out of the lower nodes of the stem called stilt roots
Both are correct
In majority of the…………. plants, the direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil.
dicotyledonous
Statement 1: In monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is short lived and is replaced by a large number of roots.
Statement 2: These roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system, as seen in the wheat plant
Both are correct
The main functions of the root system are state 4 given in NCERT
absorption of water and minerals from the soil
providing a proper anchorage to the plant parts
storing reserve food material
synthesis of plant growth regulators.
The cells of this region are very small, thin-walled and with dense protoplasm.
Name the region
Region of meristem
Cells of ………. region are responsible for growth of root in lengths
Region of elongation
Regions of roots
Proximal to distal
Maturation—> elongation—>meristematic—>root cap
Asparagus shows root modification for storage
True
It shows fasciculated fleshy roots
Underground stems of (5) are modified to store food in them
potato
ginger
turmeric
zaminkand
Colocasia
Statement 1: Stems can never act as organs of perennation to tide over conditions unfavourable for growth.
Statement 2: Stem tendrils which develop from terminal buds, are slender and spirally coiled and help plants to climb such as in gourds (cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon) and grapevines.
Both statements are incorrect
Stems act in such way as an organ of perennation
Stem tendrils arise from axillary buds and not from terminal buds
Difference between terminal and axillary buds
Terminal buds are found at the tip of a plant stem and are responsible for the primary growth and elongation of the plant. They usually inhibit the growth of axillary buds, a phenomenon known as apical dominance.
Axillary buds are located in the axil of a leaf where the leaf joins the stem. They can develop into a branch or flower and become active if the terminal bud is removed or if certain environmental conditions encourage their growth.
Statement 1: Thorns are found in many plants such as Citrus, Bougainvillea
Statement 2: These thorns are woody, straight and pointed modified from terminal buds
Statement 1 is correct but 2 is incorrect
These are modified from axillary buds and not terminal buds
Statement 1: Some plants of arid regions modify their stems into flattened (Opuntia), or fleshy cylindrical (Euphorbia) structures.
Statement 2: They contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis
Both are correct
What are runners
Underground stems of some plants
These spread to new niches and when older parts die new plants are formed.
Found in grass and strawberry.
What is stolon
A slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis and grows aerially for some time
Then arch downwards to touch the ground and at that point new plant arises
In plants like mint and jasmine
What is offset
Lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots
Is found in aquatic plants like Pistia and Eichhornia
What are suckers
Lateral branches originate from the basal and underground portion of the main stem
These grow horizontally beneath the soil and then come out obliquely upward giving rise to leafy shoots
In banana, pineapple and Chrysanthemum.
Statement 1: Leaves originate from shoot apical meristems and are arranged in an basipetal order.
Statement 2: A typical leaf consists of three main parts: leaf base, petiole and lamina
Statement 1 is incorrect
These are borne in acropetal order
Statement 1: In dicotyledons, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly.
Statement 2: In some non-leguminous plants the leafbase may become swollen, which is called the pulvinus
Both are incorrect
In MONOCOTS the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly. In some LEGUMINOUS plants the leafbase may become swollen, which is called the pulvinus
Statement 1: A leaf is said to be simple only when its lamina is entire
Statement 2: When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called compound.
I is incorrect
If the leaf is incised and the incisions do not touch the midrib this is also considered as simple leaf
A bud is present in the axil of petiole in both simple and compound leaves as well as in the axil of leaflets of the compound leaf.
False
Not present in axil of leaflets
Statement 1: In a pinnately compound leaf a number of leaflets are present on a common axis, the rachis, which represents the midrib of the leaf as in neem.
Statement 2: In palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, i.e., at the tip of petiole, as in silk cotton.
Both are correct
Alternate phyllotaxy is in
china rose
mustard
sun flower
All families in the syllabus
Fabeaceae
Solanaceae
Malvaceae
Brassicaceae
Asteraceae
Poaceae
Liliaceae (sometimes whorled also)
Opposite phyllotaxy
Calotropis
Guava plants
Whorled phyllotaxy
Alstonia
Nerium
Assertion: In some plants such as Australian acacia, the leaves are small and short-lived.
Reason: The petioles in these plants expand, become green and synthesise food.
Both are correct and correct explanation
The pitcher in pitcher plant is modification of
Leaf lamina
Statement 1: A flower is a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem.
Statement 2: Internodes do not elongate and the axis gets condensed.
Both are correct
When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always…..
solitary
In racemose type of inflorescences the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in an……. succession
ACROPETAL
Young at top and old at base
Centripetal maturation
Open or indefinite growth
In cymose type of inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth.The flowers are borne in a…………order
BASIPETAL
Young at base and mature at top
Definite or closed growth
Centrifugal maturation
In some flowers like lily, the calyx and corolla are not distinct and are termed as perianth
True
Characteristic feature of liliaceae family
Bisexual flowers
Fabeaceae
Solanaceae
Liliaceae
Malveaceae
China rose
Tomato
Pea
Mustard
Sunflower
Unisexual flowers
Brassicaceae
Astereaceae
Poaceae
These also show some bisexual flowers
Monoecious plants but unisexual flowers
Cucurbits
Maize
Castor
Coconut
Dioecious plants with unisexual flowers
Papaya
Date palm
When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be actinomorphic
Give examples
Mustard
Datura
Chilli
All families in syllabus except Fabeaceae(Leguminosae)
When flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is zygomorphic
Pea
Bean
Gulmohar
Cassia
All Fabeaceae members in syllabus only
Bracts are reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel
True
Bracteate flowers are all families except Malveaceae and Brassicaceae
In the HYPOGYNOUS flower the gynoecium occupies the HIGHEST position while the other parts are situated BELOW it.
The ovary in such flowers is said to be SUPERIOR
Mustard
China rose
Brinjal
Brassicaceae Malvaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Lilaceae Solanaceae i.e
All families in syllabus EXCEPT ASTEREACEAE
If gynoecium is situated in the CENTRE and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the SAME LEVEL it is called PERIGYNOUS. The ovary here is said to be HALF INFERIOR
Rosaceae family
Plum
Rose
Peach
Only these examples no other families in syllabus
In EPIGYNOUS flowers, the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it, the other parts of flower ARISE above the ovary. Hence, the ovary is said to be INFERIOR
GUAVA
CUCUMBER
SUNFLOWER (ASTERACEAE)
Only one family in syllabus
Aestivation in CALYX in families in syllabus
Valvate Fabeaceae Solanaceae Liliaceae Malveaceae
Imbricate: Brassicasceae and some Fabeaceae
Aestivation in COROLLA in families in syllabus
Valvate: Brassicaceae Asteraceae Solanaceae Liliaceae
Twisted: Malveaceae
Vexillery: Fabeaceae
When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping, as in Calotropis, it is said to be……..
Valvate
If one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on as in it is called twisted. It is found in
China rose
Lady finger
Cotton
If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction the aestivation is called imbricate. It is found in
Cassia
Gulmohar
Five petals, the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel); this type of aestivation is known as
vexillary or papilionaceous.
Characteristic of Fabeaceae
Statement 1: When stamens are attached to the petals, they are epipetalous as in brinjal
Statement 2: Stamen is epiphyllous when attached to the perianth as in the flowers of lily
Both are correct
The stamens may be united into one bunch (monoadelphous) or two bundles (diadelphous) or more than two bundles (polyadelphous)
Monoadelphous: China rose
Diadelphous: pea
Polyadelphous: citrus
5 There may be a variation in the length of filaments within a flower, as in……..&………
Salvia and mustard.
When more than one carpel is present and are free are called apocarpous.
Give example (2)
lotus and rose
Flowers are termed syncarpous when carpels are fused, as in…..&…….
mustard and tomato
Fill in the blanks
Statement 1: In marginal placentation the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary and the ovules are borne on this ridge forming two rows, as in………(1)
Statement 2: When the placenta is…….(2) and the ovules are attached to it in a…………(3) ovary, the placentaion is said to be axile, as in………(4)
1 pea
2 axial
3 multilocular
4 china rose, tomato and lemon
Fill in the blanks
In…….(1) placentation, the ovules develop on the…….(2) wall of the ovary or on peripheral part. Ovary is one-chambered but it becomes two-chambered due to the formation of the false septum, e.g. ……..&………(3)
1 parietal
2 inner
3 mustard and argemone
Statement 1: When the ovules are borne on central axis and septa are present as in Dianthus and Primrose the placentation is called free central.
Statement 2: In basal placentation, the placenta develops at the base of ovary and multiple ovules are attached to it, as in sunflower, marigold
Both are incorrect
In statement 1: septa are absent
In statement 2: placenta has a single ovule attached to it
Assertion: In mango and coconut, the fruit is known as a drupe
Reason: They develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one seeded.
Both are correct and correct explanation
The seed coat has two layers, the outer……. and the inner……..
testa
tegmen
Below the hilum is a small pore called the micropyle.
True or false
False
Above the hilum
Aleurone layer in monocot seeds is………. In ploidy
Triploid ie 3n
