Cell The Unit Of Life

Question 1

Unicellular organisms are capable of (i)………. (ii) ………..

Answer 1

independent existence

performing the essential functions of life

Question 2

……………….first saw and described a live cell

Answer 2

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Robert Brown later discovered the……….

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

1838,………….a………….botanist, examined a large number of plants

Answer 4

Matthias Schleiden

German

Question 5

……………..(1839), a British………….studied different types of animal cells

Answer 5

Theodore Schwann

Zoologist

Question 6

……………..concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of cell wall is a unique character of the plant cells

Answer 6

Theodore Schwann

Question 7

Rudolf Virchow in ………..first explained that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells aka………….

Answer 7

1855

Omnis cellula-e cellula

Question 8

The………….is the main arena of cellular activities in both the plant and animal cells.

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

Animal cells contain another……….bound organelle called………..which helps in cell division

Answer 9

non-membrane
centrosome

Question 10

Mycoplasmas, the smallest cells, are only………µm in length while bacteria could be……..µm

Answer 10

0.3

3 to 5

Question 11

human RBC are about……. µm in diameter

Answer 11

7.0

Question 12

Assertion: Cells also vary greatly in their shape.

Answer 12

Reason: They may be disc-like, polygonal, columnar, cuboid, thread like, or even irregular

Question 13

four basic shapes of bacteria are……/……/……/……

Answer 13

bacillus (rod like), coccus (spherical), vibrio (comma shaped) and spirillum (spiral).

Question 14

Specialised differentiated form of cell membrane called……..is the characteristic of prokaryotes.

Answer 14

mesosome

These extensions are in the form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae.

They are essentially infoldings of cell membrane.

Question 15

The cell envelope consists of a tightly bound three layered structure i.e., the outermost……..followed by the……and then the………

Answer 15

glycocalyx.
cell wall
plasma membrane

Question 16

Assertion: Glycocalyx could be a loose sheath called the slime layer in some, while in others it may be thick and tough, called the capsule.

Answer 16

Glycocalyx differs in composition and thickness among different bacteria.

Question 17

Plasma membrane of prokaryotes is similar structurally to that of the eukaryotes.
True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Mesosome extensions are in the form of……/……/…….

Answer 18

vesicles, tubules and lamellae

Question 19

Mesosomes help in……../……../……..They also help in………./……………. processes to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content

Answer 19

cell wall formation, DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells

respiration, secretion

Question 20

The filament is the longest portion and extends from the…………to the outside.

Answer 20

cell surface

Question 21

Besides flagella, Pili and Fimbriae are also surface structures of the bacteria and play a role in motility
True or false

Answer 21

False
They don’t play any role in motility

Question 22

Prokaryotic ribosomes is……….in size and are made of two subunits -……..&……….units which when present together form 70S

Answer 22

15 nm by 20 nm

50S and 30S

Question 23

Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of…….

Answer 23

inclusion bodies

Question 24

Inclusion bodies are not bound by any membrane system and lie free in the cytoplasm,
True or false

Answer 24

True
Examples: phosphate granules, cyanophycean granules and glycogen granules.

Question 25

Gas vacuoles are found in………/………./…………..bacteria.

Answer 25

blue green and purple and green photosynthetic

Question 26

In some bacteria, they are known to help attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues. Guess me???

Answer 26

Fimbriae

Question 27

Plant cells possess………/………/………which are absent in animal cells

Answer 27

cell walls, plastids and a large central vacuole

Question 28

The human erythrocyte membrane has approximately …….per cent protein and ………per cent lipids.

Answer 28

52 40

Question 29

Integral proteins are partially or totally buried in the membrane. True or false

Answer 29

True

Question 30

An improved model of the structure of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in ………… widely accepted as……….

Answer 30

1972 fluid mosaic model

Question 31

Fluid nature of the membrane is also important from the point of view of functions like ……./……./……./……./…….etc.

Answer 31

cell growth, formation of intercellular junctions, secretion, endocytosis, cell division

Question 32

Algae have cell wall, made of ……/……/……and minerals like…….

Answer 32

cellulose, galactans, mannans calcium carbonate

Question 33

Secondary wall is formed on the outer side of the cell. True or false??

Answer 33

False It is formed on the inner (towards membrane) side of the cell

Question 34

Functions of ……/……/……are not coordinated with the other components, these are not considered as part of the endomembrane system.

Answer 34

Mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes

Question 35

Camillo Golgi……..first observed …………stained reticular structures near the nucleus. Who am I??

Answer 35

1898. densely Golgi bodies

Question 36

Golgi consist of many flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae of ….to…..diameter

Answer 36

0.5µm to 1.0µm

Question 37

Golgi apparatus principally performs the function of………to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell.

Answer 37

packaging materials

Question 38

membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus. Who am I?

Answer 38

Lysosomes

Question 39

Vacuole is the…………bound space found in the cytoplasm.

Answer 39

membrane contains water, sap, excretory product and other materials not useful for the cell.

Question 40

In plant cells the vacuoles can occupy up to……….per cent of the volume of the cell

Answer 40

90

Question 41

Amoeba the contractile vacuole is important for……. &……..

Answer 41

osmoregulation and excretion

Question 42

Mitochondria sausage-shaped or cylindrical having a diameter of……….(average………) and length …………

Answer 42

0.2-1.0µm 0.5µm 1.0-4.1µm.

Question 43

The membranes of mitochondria divide its lumen distinctly into two non aqueous compartments True or false?

Answer 43

False Two aqueous compartments

Question 44

Inner compartment is filled with a dense homogenous/heterogenous substance called the matrix?

Answer 44

homogeneous

Question 45

Assertion: Mitochondria is a semi autonomous organelle.

Answer 45

Reason: Matrix possesses single circular dsDNA molecule, a few RNA molecules, ribosomes (70S) and the components required for the synthesis of proteins

Question 46

The chloroplasts are generally much larger then mitochondria True or false

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into……/……/……

Answer 47

chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts.

Question 48

In the chromoplasts fat……………/…………….pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present

Answer 48

soluble. carotenoid

Question 49

……………… are lens-shaped, oval, spherical, discoid or even ribbon-like organelles

Answer 49

Chloroplasts

Question 50

Chloroplast size length……. and width …………

Answer 50

5-10µm 2-4µm

Question 51

Chloroplasts number is variable with…….. in per cell chlamydomonas & ………… in mesophyll cells.

Answer 51

1 20-40

Question 52

The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called the………

Answer 52

stroma

Question 53

The stroma of the chloroplast contains enzymes required for the synthesis of carbohydrates only. True or false

Answer 53

False Carbohydrates and proteins

Question 54

Chloroplasts also contains small, ………..circular DNA molecules and ribosomes.

Answer 54

double-stranded

Question 55

Ribosomes are granular structures first observed under the electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade in……

Answer 55

1953

Question 56

S’ (Svedberg’s Unit) stands for…………it is indirectly a measure of ………. and size.

Answer 56

sedimentation coefficient density

Question 57

Centrosome is an organelle usually containing two cylindrical structures called……….

Answer 57

centrioles

Question 58

Centrioles in centrosome are surrounded by………materials.

Answer 58

amorphous pericentriolar

Question 59

The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is also……….and called the………

Answer 59

proteinaceous hub

Question 60

Material of the nucleus stained by the…….dyes was given the name chromatin by……..

Answer 60

basic Flemming

Question 61

Nuclear membrane is double and space between ie perinuclear space is………..nm.

Answer 61

10 to 50

Question 62

Many membrane bound minute vesicles called microbodies that contain various enzymes, are present in both plant and animal cells. True or false?

Answer 62

True

Question 63

Eukaryotic cells have a variety of simple locomotory and cytoskeletal structures. Their genetic material is organised into chromosomes.

Answer 63

False complex

Question 64

Mesosome function

Answer 64

They help in cell wall formation, DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells. They also help in respiration, secretion processes, to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content.

Question 65

Statement 1: Also, the lipids are arranged within the membrane with the polar head towards the outer sides and the hydrophobic tails towards the inner part. Statement 2: This ensures that the nonpolar tail of unsaturated hydrocarbons is protected from the aqueous environment

Answer 65

Statement 1 is correct and 2 is incorrect Saturated hydrocarbons

Question 66

Statement 1: The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex cis or the forming face and concave trans or the maturing face. Statement 2: The cis and the trans faces of the organelle are entirely different, but interconnected.

Answer 66

Both are correct

Question 67

The flip flop movement is shown by

Answer 67

Lipids and not the proteins also the lipids show it rarely

Question 68

The presence of chloroplasts and mitochondria in eukaryotic cells is explained by the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer 68

True This theory suggests that these organelles originated as free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. Over time, a symbiotic relationship developed, and the engulfed organisms evolved into organelles, providing essential functions such as energy production through photosynthesis in chloroplasts and cellular respiration in mitochondria.

Question 69

Protoplast is ……..

Answer 69

A plant or bacterial cell without a cell wall