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NEET BIOLOGY > Cell The Unit Of Life > Flashcards

Cell The Unit Of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Unicellular organisms are capable of (i)………. (ii) ………..

A

independent existence

performing the essential functions of life

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2
Q

……………….first saw and described a live cell

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

Robert Brown later discovered the……….

A

nucleus

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4
Q

1838,………….a………….botanist, examined a large number of plants

A

Matthias Schleiden

German

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5
Q

……………..(1839), a British………….studied different types of animal cells

A

Theodore Schwann

Zoologist

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6
Q

……………..concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of cell wall is a unique character of the plant cells

A

Theodore Schwann

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7
Q

Rudolf Virchow in ………..first explained that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells aka………….

A

1855

Omnis cellula-e cellula

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8
Q

The………….is the main arena of cellular activities in both the plant and animal cells.

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

Animal cells contain another……….bound organelle called………..which helps in cell division

A

non-membrane
centrosome

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10
Q

Mycoplasmas, the smallest cells, are only………µm in length while bacteria could be……..µm

A

0.3

3 to 5

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11
Q

human RBC are about……. µm in diameter

A

7.0

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12
Q

Assertion: Cells also vary greatly in their shape.

A

Reason: They may be disc-like, polygonal, columnar, cuboid, thread like, or even irregular

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13
Q

four basic shapes of bacteria are……/……/……/……

A

bacillus (rod like), coccus (spherical), vibrio (comma shaped) and spirillum (spiral).

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14
Q

Specialised differentiated form of cell membrane called……..is the characteristic of prokaryotes.

A

mesosome

They are essentially infoldings of cell membrane.

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15
Q

The cell envelope consists of a tightly bound three layered structure i.e., the outermost……..followed by the……and then the………

A

glycocalyx.
cell wall
plasma membrane

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16
Q

Assertion: Glycocalyx could be a loose sheath called the slime layer in some, while in others it may be thick and tough, called the capsule.

A

Glycocalyx differs in composition and thickness among different bacteria.

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17
Q

Plasma membrane of prokaryotes is similar structurally to that of the eukaryotes.
True or false?

A

True

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18
Q

Mesosome extensions are in the form of……/……/…….

A

vesicles, tubules and lamellae

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19
Q

Mesosomes help in……../……../……..They also help in………./……………. processes to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content

A

cell wall formation, DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells

respiration, secretion

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20
Q

The filament is the longest portion and extends from the…………to the outside.

A

cell surface

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21
Q

Besides flagella, Pili and Fimbriae are also surface structures of the bacteria and play a role in motility
True or false

A

False
They don’t play any role in motility

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22
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes is……….in size and are made of two subunits -……..&……….units which when present together form 70S

A

15 nm by 20 nm

50S and 30S

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23
Q

Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of…….

A

inclusion bodies

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24
Q

Inclusion bodies are not bound by any membrane system and lie free in the cytoplasm,
True or false

A

True
Examples: phosphate granules, cyanophycean granules and glycogen granules.

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25
Q

Gas vacuoles are found in………/………./…………..bacteria.

A

blue green and purple and green photosynthetic

26
Q

In some bacteria, they are known to help attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues.
Guess me???

A

Fimbriae

27
Q

Plant cells possess………/………/………which are absent in animal cells

A

cell walls, plastids and a large central vacuole

28
Q

The human erythrocyte membrane has approximately …….per cent protein and ………per cent lipids.

A

52

40

29
Q

Integral proteins are partially or totally buried in the membrane.
True or false

A

True

30
Q

An improved model of the structure of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in ………… widely accepted as……….

A

1972

fluid mosaic model

31
Q

Fluid nature of the membrane is also important from the point of view of functions like ……./……./……./……./…….etc.

A

cell growth, formation of intercellular junctions, secretion, endocytosis, cell division

32
Q

Algae have cell wall, made of ……/……/……and minerals like…….

A

cellulose, galactans, mannans calcium carbonate

33
Q

Secondary wall is formed on the outer side of the cell.
True or false??

A

False
It is formed on the inner (towards membrane) side of the cell

34
Q

Functions of ……/……/……are not coordinated with the other components, these are not considered as part of the endomembrane system.

A

Mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes

35
Q

Camillo Golgi……..first observed …………stained reticular structures near the nucleus.
Who am I??

A
  1. densely
    Golgi bodies
36
Q

Golgi consist of many flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae of ….to…..diameter

A

0.5µm to 1.0µm

37
Q

Golgi apparatus principally performs the function of………to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell.

A

packaging materials

38
Q

membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus.
Who am I?

A

Lysosomes

39
Q

Vacuole is the…………bound space found in the cytoplasm.

A

membrane

contains water, sap, excretory product and other materials not useful for the cell.

40
Q

In plant cells the vacuoles can occupy up to……….per cent of the volume of the cell

A

90

41
Q

Amoeba the contractile vacuole is important for……. &……..

A

osmoregulation and excretion

42
Q

Mitochondria sausage-shaped or cylindrical having a diameter of……….(average………) and length …………

A

0.2-1.0µm

0.5µm

1.0-4.1µm.

43
Q

The membranes of mitochondria divide its lumen distinctly into two non aqueous compartments
True or false?

A

False
Two aqueous compartments

44
Q

Inner compartment is filled with a dense homogenous/heterogenous substance called the matrix?

A

homogeneous

45
Q

Assertion: Mitochondria is a semi autonomous organelle.

A

Reason: Matrix possesses single circular DNA molecule, a few RNA molecules, ribosomes (70S) and the components required for the synthesis of proteins

46
Q

The chloroplasts are generally much larger then mitochondria
True or false

A

True

47
Q

Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into……/……/……

A

chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts.

48
Q

In the chromoplasts fat……………/…………….pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present

A

soluble. carotenoid

49
Q

……………… are lens-shaped, oval, spherical, discoid or even ribbon-like organelles

A

Chloroplasts

50
Q

Chloroplast size length……. and width …………

A

5-10µm

2-4µm

51
Q

Chloroplasts number is variable with…….. in per cell chlamydomonas & ………… in mesophyll cells.

A

1
20-40

52
Q

The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called the………

A

stroma

53
Q

The stroma of the chloroplast contains enzymes required for the synthesis of carbohydrates only.
True or false

A

False
Carbohydrates and proteins

54
Q

Chloroplasts also contains small, ………..circular DNA molecules and ribosomes.

A

double-stranded

55
Q

Ribosomes are granular structures first observed under the electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade in……

A

1953

56
Q

S’ (Svedberg’s Unit) stands for…………it is indirectly a measure of ………. and size.

A

sedimentation coefficient

density

57
Q

Centrosome is an organelle usually containing two cylindrical structures called……….

A

centrioles

58
Q

Centrioles in centrosome are surrounded by………materials.

A

amorphous pericentriolar

59
Q

The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is also……….and called the………

A

proteinaceous

hub

60
Q

Material of the nucleus stained by the…….dyes was given the name chromatin by……..

A

basic

Flemming

61
Q

Nuclear membrane is double and space between ie perinuclear space is………..nm.

A

10 to 50

62
Q

Many membrane bound minute vesicles called microbodies that contain various enzymes, are present in both plant and animal cells.
True or false?

A

True

NEET BIOLOGY (7 decks)

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