Body Fluids

Question 1

Blood is a special connective tissue consisting of a……/……/……

Answer 1

fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements.

Question 2

Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly …….per cent of the blood.

Answer 2

55

Question 3

…….per cent of plasma is water and proteins contribute……. per cent of it

Answer 3

90-92

6-8

Question 4

……/……/……are the major proteins.

Answer 4

Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins

Question 5

Plasma also contains small amounts of minerals like……/……./……/……/……

Answer 5

Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3–, Cl–, etc

Question 6

Plasma without the clotting factors is called………

Answer 6

serum

Question 7

healthy adult has, on an average…………….of RBCs mm–3 of blood

Answer 7

5 millions to 5.5 millions

Question 8

healthy individual has…….of haemoglobin in every 100 ml of blood

Answer 8

12-16 gms

Question 9

RBCs have an average life span of…….days

Answer 9

120

Question 10

Leucocytes are generally short lived and are relatively lesser in number which averages ………….mm–3 of blood.

Answer 10

6000-8000

Question 11

Basophils secrete……/……/…… etc., and are involved in ………..reactions

Answer 11

histamine, serotonin, heparin,

inflammatory

Question 12

Eosinophils (2-3 per cent)resist ……..and are also associated with……………….reactions

Answer 12

resist infections
allergic reactions

Question 13

Platelets also called………are cell fragments produced from………….

Answer 13

thrombocytes
megakaryocytes

Question 14

megakaryocytes special cells in the liver.
True or false

Answer 14

False
bone marrow

Question 15

Blood normally contains……………platelets mm–3

Answer 15

1,500,00-3,500,00
1.5 to 3.5 million

Question 16

Rh antigen similar to one present in……….monkeys is also observed on the surface of RBCs of majority (nearly…….per cent) of humans

Answer 16

Rhesus

80

Question 17

A special case of Rh incompatibility (mismatching) has been observed between the ………..blood of a pregnant mother with ……….blood of the foetus.

Answer 17

Rh-ve

Rh+ve

Question 18

In case of her subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antibodies from the mother can leak into the blood of the foetus and destroy the foetal RBCs. This could be fatal to the foetus or could cause severe anaemia and jaundice to the baby. This condition is called………….

Answer 18

erythroblastosis foetalis.

Question 19

Erythroblastosis foetalis can be avoided by administering……………to the mother immediately after the delivery of the first child

Answer 19

anti-Rh antibodies

Question 20

Statement I: An injury or a trauma stimulates the platelets in the blood to release certain factors which activate the mechanism of coagulation.
Statement II; Calcium ions play no role in clotting

Answer 20

Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
Calcium ions play a very important role in clotting.

Question 21

Order of cell sizes:
Increasing order

Answer 21

1. Platelets
   
   2. B lymphocyte
   3. T lymphocyte
   4. Red Blood Cell (RBC)
   5. Basophil
   6. Neutrophil
   7. Eosinophil
   8. Monocyte

Question 22

Statement 1: As the blood passes through the capillaries in tissues, some water along with many small water insoluble substances move out into the spaces between the cells
Statement 2: larger proteins and most of the formed elements are left in the blood vessels.

Answer 22

Statement 1 is incorrect and 2 is correct

As the blood passes through the capillaries in tissues, some water along with many small water SOLUBLE substances move out into the spaces between the cells

Question 23

Statement 1: Tissue fluid has different mineral distribution as compared to that in plasma.
Statement 2: Exchange of nutrients, gases, etc., between the blood and the cells always occur through this fluid.

Answer 23

Statement 1 is incorrect statement 2 is correct

SAME mineral distribution as that in plasma.

Question 24

Assertion: Closed circulatory system in which the blood pumped by the heart is always circulated through a closed network of blood vessels. Is considered to be more advantageous

Answer 24

Reason:the flow of fluid can be more precisely regulated.

Question 25

Blood vascular system consists of a muscular…………. , a network of closed branching ……………. and………..

Answer 25

chambered
heart blood vessels
blood

Question 26

Heart, the…………… derived organ

Answer 26

mesodermally

Question 27

Heart is slightly tilted to the………

Answer 27

left

Question 28

atrium and the ventricle of the same side are also separated by a……………….tissue called the atrio-ventricular septum

Answer 28

thick fibrous

Question 29

Statement 1: opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle is guarded by a valve formed of three muscular flaps or cusps, the tricuspid valve
Statement 2: Bicuspid or mitral valve guards the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Answer 29

Both statements are incorrect
Tricuspid: between right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid: between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 30

A patch of nodal tissue is present in the right upper corner of the right atrium called the……………

Answer 30

sino-atrial node (SAN)

Question 31

In the lower left corner of the right atrium close to the atrio-ventricular septum nodal tissue called the………

Answer 31

atrio-ventricular node (AVN).

Question 32

Statement 1:Nodal musculature has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli, i.e., it is autoexcitable
Statement 2: The number of action potentials that could be generated in a minute vary at different parts of the nodal system.

Answer 32

Both are correct

Question 33

Atria to undergo a simultaneous contraction – the atrial systole. This increases the flow of blood into the ventricles by about……..per cent

Answer 33

30

Question 34

Action potential is conducted to the ventricular side by……./…….from where the…………… transmits it through the entire ventricular musculature.

Answer 34

AVN and AV bundle
bundle of His

Question 35

Heart beats……..times per minute, i.e., that many cardiac cycles are performed per minute.

Answer 35

72

Question 36

Duration of a cardiac cycle is…….seconds.

Answer 36

0.8

Question 37

During a cardiac cycle, each ventricle pumps out approximately……..of blood which is called the………volume.

Answer 37

70 mL

stroke

Question 38

…………….can be defined as the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute and averages…………in a healthy individual

Answer 38

Cardiac output
5000 mL or 5 litres

Question 39

Statement 1: The first heart sound (lub) is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves
Statement 2: Second heart sound (dub) is associated with the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves

Answer 39

Both are false
Lub: closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valve
Dub: closure of semilunar valve

Question 40

Basically, each artery and vein consists of three layers:

Answer 40

tunica intima : inner lining of squamous endothelium
Tunica media: smooth muscle and elastic fibres
Tunica external: fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibres

Question 41

The tunica media is comparatively thin in the…….

Answer 41

veins

Question 42

………….circulation provides nutrients, O2 and other essential substances to the tissues and takes CO2 and other harmful substances away for elimination.

Answer 42

Systemic

Question 43

The hepatic portal vein carries blood from intestine to the…….before it is delivered to the systemic circulation.

Answer 43

liver

Question 44

Special…………..of blood vessels is present in our body exclusively for the circulation of blood to and from the cardiac musculature.

Answer 44

coronary system

Question 45

Special neural centre in the……….can moderate the cardiac function through autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 45

medulla oblangata

Question 46

Normal blood pressure

Answer 46

120/80
BP repeatedly checked to be
140/90 or higher: hypertension

Question 47

………….affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle

Answer 47

atherosclerosis