Neural Control Flashcards
Pairs of cranial nerves in amniotes
12 pairs of nerves are present in amniotes
Amniotes include birds mammals and reptiles
Pairs of cranial nerves in anamniotes
10 pairs of nerves
These are amphibians
Spinal nerves in humans
8 pairs=cervical
12 pairs= thoracic
1 pair= coccygeal
5pairs=sacral
Human cranial nerves
or Both (B). Olfactory (I) - Smell
Optic (II) - Vision
Oculomotor (III) - Eye movement, pupil constriction
Trochlear (IV) - Eye movement (superior oblique muscle)
Trigeminal (V) - Facial sensation, chewing muscles
Abducens (VI) - Eye movement (lateral rectus muscle)
Facial (VII) - Facial expressions, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII) - Hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal (IX) - Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), swallowing
Vagus (X) - Parasympathetic control of heart, lungs, digestive tract
Accessory (XI) - Shoulder and neck muscles
Hypoglossal (XII) - Tongue movement
Mnemonic to Remember Their Order:
“Old, Opie, Ocassionaly, Tries, Trigonometry, And, Feels, Very, Glummy, Vague, Awkward, Hypoactive”
Mnemonic for Their Functions (Sensory, Motor, Both):
“Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More”
This helps identify if a nerve is Sensory (S), Motor (M),
Characteristic of sympathetic nervous system
(8)
Thoraco lumbar outflow
Pre ganglion fibres=short
Post ganglion fibres=large
Post ganglionic neurons= Adrenalic
Pre ganglionic neurons = cholinergic
Overall excitatory effect
Activation at stressful condition
Chain ganglion near spinal chord
Parasympathetic nervous system characteristic
(8)
Cranio-sacral outflow
Pre ganglionic fibres=large
Post ganglionic fibres=small
Both pre and post ganglionic neurons=cholinergic
Overall inhibitory function
Works at resting state
No chain ganglion present
The functions of the organs/organ systems in our body must be coordinated to maintain……….
homeostasis
The forebrain consists of (3)
cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
The hemispheres are connected by a tract of nerve fibres called…….
corpus callosum
The layer of cells which covers the cerebral hemisphere is called……….
cerebral cortex
It is thrown into prominent folds
Assertion: The cerebral cortex is referred to as the grey matter due to its greyish appearance
Reason: The neuron cell bodies are concentrated here giving the colour.
Both are correct and correct explanation
The cerebral cortex contains…………../…………. and large regions that are neither clearly sensory nor motor in function. These regions called as……………… are responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication
motor areas
sensory areas
association areas
Statement 1: Fibres of the tracts are covered with the myelin sheath, which constitute the inner part of cerebral hemisphere.
Statement 2: They give an opaque white appearance to the layer and, hence, is called the white matter.
Both are correct
The cerebrum wraps around a structure called………which is a major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signaling.
thalamus
……………. lies at the base of the thalamus.
hypothalamus
The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres and a group of associated deep structures like amygdala, hippocampus, etc., form a complex structure called the………..
limbic lobe or limbic system
Cerebrum has four lobes name them
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Areas in frontal lobe
Premotor area-involuntary control
Motor area- voluntary control
Brocaa’s area- speech
Association area-integration
Areas in temporal lobe
Whernikase area- understand speech
Olfactory area-smell
Auditory area-listening
Areas in Parietal lobe
Gustatory area-taste
Somastatic area- general sensation of touch/pain
Areas in occipital lobe
Visual cortex
The midbrain is located between the………….. of the forebrain and…………of the hindbrain
thalamus/hypothalamus
pons
A canal called the…………passess through the midbrain
cerebral aqueduct
The dorsal portion of the midbrain consists mainly of four round swellings (lobes) called……………
corpora quadrigemina.
Superior coliculi for visual reflex
Inferior coliculi for auditory reflex
