Biological Classification

Question 1

………….was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification.

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

R.H. Whittaker in……..proposed a Five Kingdom Classification

Answer 2

1969

Question 3

main criteria for classification used by him include………..(5)

Answer 3

cell structure
body organisation
mode of nutrition
reproduction
phylogenetic relationships.

Question 4

Statement 1: Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera
Statement 2:Thousands of bacteria are present in a handful of soil.

Answer 4

Statement 1 is correct but 2 is incorrect
Hundreds of bacteria

Question 5

Statement 1: Bacterial structure is very simple, they are very complex in behaviour
Statement 2: Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity.

Answer 5

Both statements are true

Question 6

The……….have chlorophyll A similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs

Answer 6

cyanobacteria

Question 7

Some organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g……….

Answer 7

Nostoc and Anabaena

Question 8

Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as……/……/……and use the released energy for their ATP production.

Answer 8

nitrates, nitrites and ammonia

Question 9

They play a great role in recycling nutrients like………(4)

Answer 9

nitrogen
phosphorous
iron
sulphur

Question 10

Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature
True or false

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Flagella in bacteria is………stranded and made up of protein ……….

Answer 11

Single stranded
Flagellin

Question 12

Some plasmids temporarily associate with nucleoid and these are called………..

Answer 12

Episomes

Question 13

Plasmids that don’t confer any useful trait are called………

Answer 13

Cryptic plasmids

Question 14

Col-plasmids are called……………. and these produce ……….. which are lethal to other enterobacteria

Answer 14

Colicinogenic factors
Toxins aka colicins or bacteriocin

Question 15

Chrysophytes are found in fresh water as well as in marine environments. True or false

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Statement 1:Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and photosynthetic.
Statement 2: They appear yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on the main pigments present in their cells.

Answer 16

Both are correct

Question 17

Statement 1:Euglenoids have 2 flagella unequal in length
Statement 2: These are mostly marine

Answer 17

Statement 1 is correct 2 is incorrect
Majority of them are fresh water organisms found in stagnant water.

Question 18

All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as…….or…….

Answer 18

predators. parasites

Question 19

In amoeboid protozoans marine forms have silica shells on their surface.
True or false

Answer 19

True

Question 20

White spots seen on mustard leaves are due to a…………

Answer 20

parasitic fungus.
Albugo candida

Question 21

wheat rust-causing……….

Answer 21

Puccinia graminis

Question 22

The bodies of fungi consist of long, slender thread-like structures called………

Answer 22

hyphae

Question 23

Statement 1: Most fungi are heterotrophic
Statement 2: These absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence are called saprophytes

Answer 23

Both are correct

Question 24

Reproduction in fungi can take place by vegetative means –……/……/…….

Answer 24

fragmentation, fission and budding

Question 25

Asexual reproduction in fungi is by spores called……/……/……

Answer 25

conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores

Question 26

In fungi sexual reproduction is by……/…../……..

Answer 26

oospores, ascospores and basidiospores

Question 27

The……/……/……form the basis for the division of the kingdom into various classes.

Answer 27

morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation fruiting bodies

Question 28

Phycomycetes examples

Answer 28

Mucor Rhizopus (the bread mould) Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard). phytophthora

Question 29

Nutrition in ascomycetes

Answer 29

They are Saprophytic, decomposers parasitic coprophilous (growing on dung

Question 30

For ascomycetes Statement 1: The asexual spores are conidia produced endogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores. Statement 2: Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced endogenously in sac like asci

Answer 30

Statement 1 is incorrect statement 2 is correct Conidia are exogenously produced

Question 31

Ascomycetes examples(7)

Answer 31

Penicillium Yeast Aspergillus Claviceps Neurospora. morels truffles[edible]

Question 32

For basidiomycetes Statement 1: The asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common Statement 2: sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes

Answer 32

Both are correct

Question 33

In basidiomycetes Statement 1: Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing four basidiospores. Statement 2: The basidiospores are endogenously produced on the basidium

Answer 33

Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium

Question 34

Examples of basidiomycetes (6)

Answer 34

Agaricus (mushroom) Ustilago (smut) Puccinia (rust fungus). mushrooms bracket fungi puffballs Polyporus

Question 35

The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterised by having an inert crystalline structure inside the living cell

Answer 35

False Outside the living cell

Question 36

Once they infect a cell they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, but not killing the host True or false

Answer 36

False take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host

Question 37

…………….. in (1892) recognised certain microbes as causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco

Answer 37

Dmitri Ivanowsky

Question 38

………………(1898) demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as……………….

Answer 38

M.W. Beijerinek Contagium vivum fluidum

Question 39

……………….(1935) showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins.

Answer 39

W.M. Stanley

Question 40

A virus is a nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious True or false

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Generally viruses that infect plants have

Answer 41

single stranded RNA Exception cauliflower mosaic virus with dsDNA

Question 42

Genetic material in animal viruses

Answer 42

ssRNA dsRNA dsDNA

Question 43

bacteriophages (viruses that infect the bacteria) are usually………. viruses

Answer 43

double stranded DNA

Question 44

1971 ……………. discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses. It was found to be a free……….. and it lacked the protein coat. It caused.........

Answer 44

T.O. Diener Circular RNA Potato spindle tuber disease

Question 45

First recognised viroid disease was potato spindle tuberculosis disease abbreviated as……..

Answer 45

PSTVd

Question 46

CJD is analogous variant of ………. Aka…………. These are caused by....... which are abnormally folded proteins and lack ......

Answer 46

CJD=Creutzfeldt Jakob disease Variant of BSE=bovine spongiform encephalopathy aka mad cow disease Prions Genetic material

Question 47

Statement 1: under unfavourable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet. Statement 2: during suitable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.

Answer 47

Both statements are incorrect Vice versa is correct

Question 48

Neurospora is also called as …………… of plant kingdom

Answer 48

Drosophila

Question 49

Streptomycin and neomycin are acquired from

Answer 49

Streptomyces griseus Streptomyces fradie Respectively

Question 50

Cholera Typhoid Citrus canker Tetanus

Answer 50

Vibrio cholerae Salmonella typhi Xanthomonas citri Clostridium tetany

Question 51

Mycoplasma causes diseases in plants and animals

Answer 51

Phylloidy: flowers become like leaf Witches broom:leaves turn into broom like appearance Little leaf disease in BRINJAL

Question 52

Deuteromycetes examples

Answer 52

Alternaria Collectotrichum Trichoderma

Question 53

Some deviations from autotrophic behaviour in plant kingdom(3)

Answer 53

Bladderwort and Venus fly trap are insectivorous Cuscuta is parasite

Question 54

Assertion: Thallophyta is group for algae and fungi Reason: These show no differentiation in thallus

Answer 54

Both are correct and correct explanation

Question 55

If question asked which of following is not criteria used by Whittaker and all options are valid then mark PYQ

Answer 55

Reproduction This is not mentioned in the chart

Question 56

What is doliopore septum (3 points)

Answer 56

Specialised septum In some fungi mostly basidiomycetes Regulate cytoplasmic flow between different compartments of hyphae

Question 57

What are adhesive pads of fungi for

Answer 57

These help in penetrating host substratum by enzyme action to soften the tissue and with mechanical pressure

Question 58

………… fungi is used as source of alkaloids and LSD

Answer 58

Claviceps