Biological Classification

Question 1

………….was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification.

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

R.H. Whittaker in……..proposed a Five Kingdom Classification

Answer 2

1969

Question 3

main criteria for classification used by him include………..(5)

Answer 3

cell structure
body organisation
mode of nutrition
reproduction
phylogenetic relationships.

Question 4

Statement 1: Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera
Statement 2:Thousands of bacteria are present in a handful of soil.

Answer 4

Statement 1 is correct but 2 is incorrect
Hundreds of bacteria

Question 5

Statement 1: Bacterial structure is very simple, they are very complex in behaviour
Statement 2: Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity.

Answer 5

Both statements are true

Question 6

The……….have chlorophyll A similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs

Answer 6

cyanobacteria

Question 7

Some organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g……….

Answer 7

Nostoc and Anabaena

Question 8

Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as……/……/……and use the released energy for their ATP production.

Answer 8

nitrates, nitrites and ammonia

Question 9

They play a great role in recycling nutrients like………(4)

Answer 9

nitrogen
phosphorous
iron
sulphur

Question 10

Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature
True or false

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Flagella in bacteria is………stranded and made up of protein ……….

Answer 11

Single stranded
Flagellin

Question 12

Some plasmids temporarily associate with nucleoid and these are called………..

Answer 12

Episomes

Question 13

Plasmids that don’t confer any useful trait are called………

Answer 13

Cryptic plasmids

Question 14

Col-plasmids are called……………. and these produce ……….. which are lethal to other enterobacteria

Answer 14

Colicinogenic factors
Toxins aka colicins or bacteriocin

Question 15

Chrysophytes are found in fresh water as well as in marine environments. True or false

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Statement 1:Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and photosynthetic.
Statement 2: They appear yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on the main pigments present in their cells.

Answer 16

Both are correct

Question 17

Statement 1:Euglenoids have 2 flagella equal in length
Statement 2: These are mostly marine

Answer 17

Statement 1 is correct 2 is incorrect
Majority of them are fresh water organisms found in stagnant water.

Question 18

All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as…….or…….

Answer 18

predators. parasites

Question 19

In amoeboid protozoans marine forms have silica shells on their surface.
True or false

Answer 19

True

Question 20

White spots seen on mustard leaves are due to a…………

Answer 20

parasitic fungus.

Question 21

wheat rust-causing……….

Answer 21

Puccinia

Question 22

The bodies of fungi consist of long, slender thread-like structures called………

Answer 22

hyphae

Question 23

Statement 1: Most fungi are heterotrophic
Statement 2: These absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence are called saprophytes

Answer 23

Both are correct

Question 24

Reproduction in fungi can take place by vegetative means –……/……/…….

Answer 24

fragmentation, fission and budding

Question 25

Asexual reproduction in fungi is by spores called……/……/……

Answer 25

conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores

Question 26

In fungi sexual reproduction is by……/…../……..

Answer 26

oospores, ascospores and basidiospores

Question 27

The……/……/……form the basis for the division of the kingdom into various classes.

Answer 27

morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation fruiting bodies

Question 28

Phycomycetes examples

Answer 28

Mucor
Rhizopus (the bread mould)
Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard).

Question 29

Nutrition in ascomycetes

Answer 29

They are
Saprophytic,
decomposers
parasitic
coprophilous (growing on dung

Question 30

For ascomycetes
Statement 1: The asexual spores are conidia produced endogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores.
Statement 2: Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced endogenously in sac like asci

Answer 30

Statement 1 is incorrect statement 2 is correct
Conidia are exogenously produced

Question 31

Ascomycetes examples(7)

Answer 31

Penicillium
Yeast
Aspergillus
Claviceps
Neurospora.
morels
truffles[edible]

Question 32

For basidiomycetes
Statement 1: The asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common
Statement 2: sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes

Answer 32

Both are correct

Question 33

In basidiomycetes
Statement 1: Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing four basidiospores.
Statement 2: The basidiospores are endogenously produced on the basidium

Answer 33

Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect

The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium

Question 34

Examples of basidiomycetes (6)

Answer 34

Agaricus (mushroom)
Ustilago (smut)
Puccinia (rust fungus).
mushrooms
bracket fungi
puffballs

Question 35

The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterised by having an inert crystalline structure inside the living cell

Answer 35

False
Outside the living cell

Question 36

Once they infect a cell they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, but not killing the host
True or false

Answer 36

False
take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host

Question 37

…………….. in (1892) recognised certain microbes as causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco

Answer 37

Dmitri Ivanowsky

Question 38

………………(1898) demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as……………….

Answer 38

M.W. Beijerinek

Contagium vivum fluidum

Question 39

……………….(1935) showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins.

Answer 39

W.M. Stanley

Question 40

A virus is a nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious
True or false

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Generally viruses that infect plants have

Answer 41

single stranded RNA
Exception cauliflower mosaic virus with dsDNA

Question 42

Genetic material in animal viruses

Answer 42

ssRNA dsRNA dsDNA

Question 43

bacteriophages (viruses that infect the bacteria) are usually………. viruses

Answer 43

double stranded DNA

Question 44

1971 ……………. discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses. It was found to be a free……….. and it lacked the protein coat

Answer 44

T.O. Diener

Circular RNA

Question 45

First recognised viroid disease was potato spindle tuberculosis disease abbreviated as……..

Answer 45

PSTVd

Question 46

CJD is analogous variant of ………. Aka………….

Answer 46

CJD=Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
Variant of BSE=bovine spongiform encephalopathy aka mad cow disease

Question 47

Statement 1: under unfavourable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet.
Statement 2: during suitable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates
and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.

Answer 47

Both statements are incorrect
Vice versa is correct

Question 48

Neurospora is also called as …………… of plant kingdom

Answer 48

Drosophila