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NEET BIOLOGY > Biological Classification > Flashcards

Biological Classification Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

………….was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification.

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

R.H. Whittaker in……..proposed a Five Kingdom Classification

A

1969

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3
Q

main criteria for classification used by him include………..(5)

A

cell structure
body organisation
mode of nutrition
reproduction
phylogenetic relationships.

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4
Q

Statement 1: Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera
Statement 2:Thousands of bacteria are present in a handful of soil.

A

Statement 1 is correct but 2 is incorrect
Hundreds of bacteria

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5
Q

Statement 1: Bacterial structure is very simple, they are very complex in behaviour
Statement 2: Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity.

A

Both statements are true

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6
Q

The……….have chlorophyll A similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs

A

cyanobacteria

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7
Q

Some organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g……….

A

Nostoc and Anabaena

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8
Q

Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as……/……/……and use the released energy for their ATP production.

A

nitrates, nitrites and ammonia

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9
Q

They play a great role in recycling nutrients like………(4)

A

nitrogen
phosphorous
iron
sulphur

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10
Q

Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature
True or false

A

True

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11
Q

Flagella in bacteria is………stranded and made up of protein ……….

A

Single stranded
Flagellin

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12
Q

Some plasmids temporarily associate with nucleoid and these are called………..

A

Episomes

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13
Q

Plasmids that don’t confer any useful trait are called………

A

Cryptic plasmids

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14
Q

Col-plasmids are called……………. and these produce ……….. which are lethal to other enterobacteria

A

Colicinogenic factors
Toxins aka colicins or bacteriocin

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15
Q

Chrysophytes are found in fresh water as well as in marine environments. True or false

A

True

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16
Q

Statement 1:Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and photosynthetic.
Statement 2: They appear yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on the main pigments present in their cells.

A

Both are correct

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17
Q

Statement 1:Euglenoids have 2 flagella equal in length
Statement 2: These are mostly marine

A

Statement 1 is correct 2 is incorrect
Majority of them are fresh water organisms found in stagnant water.

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18
Q

All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as…….or…….

A

predators. parasites

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19
Q

In amoeboid protozoans marine forms have silica shells on their surface.
True or false

A

True

20
Q

White spots seen on mustard leaves are due to a…………

A

parasitic fungus.

21
Q

wheat rust-causing……….

A

Puccinia

22
Q

The bodies of fungi consist of long, slender thread-like structures called………

A

hyphae

23
Q

Statement 1: Most fungi are heterotrophic
Statement 2: These absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence are called saprophytes

A

Both are correct

24
Q

Reproduction in fungi can take place by vegetative means –……/……/…….

A

fragmentation, fission and budding

25
Q

Asexual reproduction in fungi is by spores called……/……/……

A

conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores

26
Q

In fungi sexual reproduction is by……/…../……..

A

oospores, ascospores and basidiospores

27
Q

The……/……/……form the basis for the division of the kingdom into various classes.

A

morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation fruiting bodies

28
Q

Phycomycetes examples

A

Mucor
Rhizopus (the bread mould)
Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard).

29
Q

Nutrition in ascomycetes

A

They are
Saprophytic,
decomposers
parasitic
coprophilous (growing on dung

30
Q

For ascomycetes
Statement 1: The asexual spores are conidia produced endogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores.
Statement 2: Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced endogenously in sac like asci

A

Statement 1 is incorrect statement 2 is correct
Conidia are exogenously produced

31
Q

Ascomycetes examples(7)

A

Penicillium
Yeast
Aspergillus
Claviceps
Neurospora.
morels
truffles[edible]

32
Q

For basidiomycetes
Statement 1: The asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common
Statement 2: sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes

A

Both are correct

33
Q

In basidiomycetes
Statement 1: Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing four basidiospores.
Statement 2: The basidiospores are endogenously produced on the basidium

A

Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect

The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium

34
Q

Examples of basidiomycetes (6)

A

Agaricus (mushroom)
Ustilago (smut)
Puccinia (rust fungus).
mushrooms
bracket fungi
puffballs

35
Q

The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterised by having an inert crystalline structure inside the living cell

A

False
Outside the living cell

36
Q

Once they infect a cell they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, but not killing the host
True or false

A

False
take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host

37
Q

…………….. in (1892) recognised certain microbes as causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco

A

Dmitri Ivanowsky

38
Q

………………(1898) demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as……………….

A

M.W. Beijerinek

Contagium vivum fluidum

39
Q

……………….(1935) showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins.

A

W.M. Stanley

40
Q

A virus is a nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious
True or false

A

True

41
Q

Generally viruses that infect plants have

A

single stranded RNA
Exception cauliflower mosaic virus with dsDNA

42
Q

Genetic material in animal viruses

A

ssRNA dsRNA dsDNA

43
Q

bacteriophages (viruses that infect the bacteria) are usually………. viruses

A

double stranded DNA

44
Q

1971 ……………. discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses. It was found to be a free……….. and it lacked the protein coat

A

T.O. Diener

Circular RNA

45
Q

First recognised viroid disease was potato spindle tuberculosis disease abbreviated as……..

A

PSTVd

46
Q

CJD is analogous variant of ………. Aka………….

A

CJD=Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
Variant of BSE=bovine spongiform encephalopathy aka mad cow disease

NEET BIOLOGY (10 decks)

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