Anatomy Of Flowering Plants

Question 1

The cortex consists of several layers of thin-walled parenchyma cells without intercellular spaces.

Answer 1

False
They have intercellular spaces

Question 2

Statement 1: The innermost layer of the cortex is called endodermis

Statement 2: The tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells have a deposition of water-impermeable, waxy material suberin in the form of casparian strips.

Answer 2

True
Endodermis comprises a single layer of barrel-shaped cells without any intercellular spaces

Question 3

Thick-walled parenchyomatous cells are present in………

Answer 3

pericycle

Question 4

Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in these cells………

Answer 4

Pericycle cells

Question 5

There are usually two to four xylem and phloem patches.
Later, a cambium ring develops between the xylem and phloem
This is true for……..

Answer 5

Dicot root

Question 6

All tissues on the innerside of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith constitute the…….

Answer 6

stele

Question 7

There are usually more than six (polyarch) xylem bundles in the………root

Answer 7

monocot
Also the pith is large and well developed here which is inconspicuous or small in dicot root

Question 8

In dicot stem The cells arranged in multiple layers between epidermis and pericycle constitute the…….

Answer 8

cortex

Question 9

The outer hypodermis, consists of a few layers of………. cells just below the epidermis, which provide mechanical strength to the young dicot stem.

Answer 9

collenchymatous
Remember wrt example given collenchyma ie mechanical support to young stem and petioles

Question 10

Cortical layers below hypodermis consist of rounded thin walled…………cells with…………intercellular spaces.
Dicot stem

Answer 10

parenchymatous

conspicuous
Remember wrt ncert line that Parenchymatous cells are usually present in cortex, pericycle, pith and medullary rays, in the primary stems and roots.

Question 11

Statement 1: The innermost layer of the cortex is called the endodermis.
Statement 2: The cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains and the layer is also referred to as the starch sheath.
[dicot stem]

Answer 11

Both are correct

Question 12

Pericycle is present on the inner side of the endodermis and above the phloem in the form of semi-lunar patches of……….
[dicot stem]

Answer 12

sclerenchyma

Question 13

The ‘ring’ arrangement of vascular bundles is a characteristic of……..stem.

Answer 13

dicot

Question 14

The…….. stem has a sclerenchymatous hypodermis,

Answer 14

monocot

Question 15

Peripheral vascular bundles are generally smaller than the centrally located ones in monocot stem

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Statement 1: The abaxial epidermis generally bears more stomata than the adaxial epidermis.
Statement 2: The latter may even lack stomata

Answer 16

Bothe are correct

Question 17

Statement 1: The adaxially placed palisade parenchyma is made up of elongated cells, which are arranged vertically and parallel to each other. Statement 2: The oval or round and loosely arranged spongy parenchyma is situated below the palisade cells and extends to the lower epidermis

Answer 17

Both are correct

Question 18

The vascular bundles are surrounded by a layer of thick walled bundle sheath cells in dicot leaf

Answer 18

True
Xylem is adaxially placed

Question 19

Statement 1; In an isobilateral leaf, the stomata are present on both the surfaces of the epidermis.
Statement 2: Also the mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Statement 1: When the bulliform cells in the leaves have absorbed water and are turgid, the leaf surface is exposed.
Statement 2: When they are flaccid due to water stress, they make the leaves curl inwards to minimise water loss.

Answer 20

Both are correct for a monocot leaf

In grasses, certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells

Question 21

The parallel venation in monocot leaves is reflected in the near similar sizes of vascular bundles in the main veins
True or false

Answer 21

False
except in main veins

Question 22

A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and always performing a common function

Answer 22

False
Usually performing common function

Question 23

Central cylinder leads to formation of….

Answer 23

Pericycle
Pith
All other tissues inner to cortex

Question 24

Protoderm leads to formation of……

Answer 24

epidermis

Question 25

Every layer inner to endodermis is called…..

Answer 25

Stele

Question 26

………..forms the major component within organs.

Answer 26

Parenchyma

Question 27

The cells of the parenchyma are generally…………

Answer 27

isodiametric. They may be spherical, oval, round, polygonal or elongated in shape

Question 28

The collenchyma occurs in layers below the epidermis in most of the ……….. plants

Answer 28

dicotyledonous

Question 29

Collenchyma is found either as a homogeneous layer or in patches.

Answer 29

True collenchyma occurs in layers below the epidermis in most of the dicotyledonous plants ie in hypodermis of dicots

Question 30

………. provide mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole of a leaf.

Answer 30

Collenchyma

Question 31

On the basis of …../……/………./………… variation in sclerenchyma may be either fibres or sclereids

Answer 31

form structure origin development

Question 32

On the basis of their…………… & …………….. there are three types of tissue systems. These are the epidermal tissue system, the ground or fundamental tissue system and the vascular or conducting tissue system.

Answer 32

structure and location

Question 33

Statement 1: Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole. Statement 2: The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer made of suberin which prevents the loss of water. It is present in roots of some plants.

Answer 33

Statement 2 is incorrect The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the cuticle which prevents the loss of water. Cuticle is absent in roots. Cuticle is made of cutine waxes and polysaccharides

Question 34

The outer walls of guard cells (away from the stomatal pore) are thickened and the inner walls (towards the stomatal pore) are highly thin True or false

Answer 34

False The outer walls of guard cells (away from the stomatal pore) are thin and the inner walls (towards the stomatal pore) are highly thickened.

Question 35

Sometimes, a few epidermal cells, in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialised in their……. & ………… and are known as subsidiary cells.

Answer 35

shape and size

Question 36

Trichomes are never secretory in nature True or false

Answer 36

False They may be secretory in some cases These secretions can include essential oils, resins, nectar, mucilage, enzymes, or defensive compounds like alkaloids and terpenoids. The secretory function of trichomes helps plants in different ways, such as protecting against herbivores, reducing water loss, attracting pollinators, or aiding in defense against pathogens.

Question 37

Statement 1: Parenchymatous cells are usually present in cortex, pericycle, pith and medullary rays, in the primary stems and roots. Statement 2: In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin-walled chloroplast containing cells and is called mesophyll.

Answer 37

Both are correct

Question 38

When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii, the arrangement is called ………….such as in roots.

Answer 38

radial

Question 39

Statement 1: In conjoint type of vascular bundles, the xylem and phloem are jointly situated along the same radius of vascular bundles. Such vascular bundles are common in stems and leaves. Statement 2: The conjoint vascular bundles usually have the xylem located only on the outer side of phloem

Answer 39

Statement 2 is incorrect The conjoint vascular bundles usually have the phloem located only on the outer side of xylem

Question 40

Sections of which zones are taken for studies

Answer 40

Mature zones

Question 41

Phloem parenchyma is absent and water containing cavities are present in

Answer 41

Monocot stem