piss Flashcards
what 2 high element levels in rations can lead to urolithiasis
- phosphorous
- high magnesium
name the 3 main sites of obstruction in a male with urolithiasis
- vermiform appendage
- sigmoid flexure
- ischial arch
what 2 findings on rectal examination may indicate urolithiasis
- bladder distended
- urethra pulsates
what 2 biochemistry findings will be present with urolithiasis
- incr. urea
- incr. creatinine
what will the pH be on urinalysis for an animal with urolithiasis
alkaline (struvite)
name 4 surgical treatment options for urolithiasis
- amputate vermiform appendage (sheep only)
- perineal urethostomy
- perineal penectomy
- tube cystotomy
what should be used to dissolve uroliths (except silica)
urinary acidifiers
what is the main pathogen causing pyelonephritis?
gram + facultative anaerobe;
long soil survival;
sensitive to disinfectants
Corynebacterium renale
name 3 findings on rectal examination that may be present in a cow with pyelonephritis
- ureter thickened
- kidney enlarged and painful
- bladder wall thickened
what 3 signs of pyelonephritis will be seen on biochemistry
- incr globulin
- decr. albumin
- incr fibrinogen
what is the treatment for pyelonephritis?
penicillin (4-6wks)
what type of ticks transmit Babesia bovis & B. bigemia (Babesiosia)
Ixodes ricinus
what type of farm animals are most aat risk for Babesiosi in the UK
hill grazed cattle
(regional)
what stain is used on a blood smear to diagnose Babesiosis
Geimsa stain
what is the treatment in the UK for Babesia?
Imidocarb Diproprionate
what pathogen causes Bacillary haemoglobinuria?
Clostridium haemolyticum
what causes enzootic haematuria in cattle with at least several weeks exposure
bracken (Ptaquiloside) toxicity
