piss Flashcards
what 2 high element levels in rations can lead to urolithiasis
- phosphorous
- high magnesium
name the 3 main sites of obstruction in a male with urolithiasis
- vermiform appendage
- sigmoid flexure
- ischial arch
what 2 findings on rectal examination may indicate urolithiasis
- bladder distended
- urethra pulsates
what 2 biochemistry findings will be present with urolithiasis
- incr. urea
- incr. creatinine
what will the pH be on urinalysis for an animal with urolithiasis
alkaline (struvite)
name 4 surgical treatment options for urolithiasis
- amputate vermiform appendage (sheep only)
- perineal urethostomy
- perineal penectomy
- tube cystotomy
what should be used to dissolve uroliths (except silica)
urinary acidifiers
what is the main pathogen causing pyelonephritis?
gram + facultative anaerobe;
long soil survival;
sensitive to disinfectants
Corynebacterium renale
name 3 findings on rectal examination that may be present in a cow with pyelonephritis
- ureter thickened
- kidney enlarged and painful
- bladder wall thickened
what 3 signs of pyelonephritis will be seen on biochemistry
- incr globulin
- decr. albumin
- incr fibrinogen
what is the treatment for pyelonephritis?
penicillin (4-6wks)
what type of ticks transmit Babesia bovis & B. bigemia (Babesiosia)
Ixodes ricinus
what type of farm animals are most aat risk for Babesiosi in the UK
hill grazed cattle
(regional)
what stain is used on a blood smear to diagnose Babesiosis
Geimsa stain
what is the treatment in the UK for Babesia?
Imidocarb Diproprionate
