git

Question 1

name the congenital defect in cattle

common;
progressive abdominal distention by 2-3d, inappetence, pain, depression, weakness;
mucous in rectum;
may palpate loops through wall or ultrasound;
euthanase

Answer 1

atresia coli

Question 2

name the congenital defect in cattle

diw within 1 wk if untreated;
female may have recto vaginal fistula;
surgical candidates may bulge at site of anus

Answer 2

atresia ani

Question 3

name the bovine GIT condition

parapox virus;
also pseudocowpox on cow’s teats;
zoonotic;
spread by contact;
calves age 1-12mo;
self limiting;
raised rings on muzzle, nostrils and oral mucosa;
no treatment required

Answer 3

bovine papular stomatitis

Question 4

what is the treatment for jaw fractures in cattle

Answer 4

wire the jaw & give abx

Question 5

name 4 clinical signs of a tooth root abscess in a cow

Answer 5

1. quidding, halitosis
2. enlarged LNs
3. mandibular swelling (lower)
4. unilateral nasal discharge (upper)

Question 6

name the bovine GIT condition

inflammation of the mucosae of the mouth/pharynx;
iatrogenic or primary infection;
Fusobacterium necrophorum;
salivation, halitosis, anorexia, stretched neck, etc;
treat with abx and anti-inflammatories

Answer 6

stomatitis/pharyngitis

Question 7

what is the usual cause of iatrogenic pharyngitis in cattle

Answer 7

bolusing gun injury

Question 8

name the bovine GIT condition

gram neg commensal;
lesions on tongue and assoc LNs;
“wooden tongue”;
treat with streptomycin and NSAID

Answer 8

Actinobacillosis

(Actinobacillus lingieresii)

Question 9

name the bovine GIT condition

insidious onset, chronic progression;
lesions in oesophagus, oesophageal groove, cardia, rumen, reticulum;
quidding, bloat, abnormal rumination (gurgling, retching);
non-painful, afebrile;
rare

Answer 9

intestinal actinobacillosis

Question 10

what is the treatment for Actinobacillosis

Answer 10

1. Streptomycin (Pen/Strep)
2. NSAID

Question 11

name the bovine GIT condition

“Lumpy Jaw”;
sporadic disease of adult cattle;
pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis of mandible;
difficult to treat;
initial oedema/soft tissue swelling developing into firm bony swelling on jaw usually at level of central cheek teeth

Answer 11

Actinomycosis

(Actinomyces bovis)

Question 12

name the bovine GIT condition

“calf diptheria”;
Fusobacterium necrophorum;
younger calves;
sporadic or clusters;
swelling of cheek, necrotic halitosis, abscess or diptheresis, salivation, diff swallowing, pyrexia;
treatment with abx and NSAID

Answer 12

oral necrobacillosis

Question 13

name the bovine GIT condition

cough, inspiratory stridor (roaring), dyspnoea, anorexia, pyrexia, larynx swollen and painful;
death if untreated;
long course abx (penicillins, macrolides), corticosteroids;
tracheostomy if necessary?

Answer 13

laryngeal necrobacillosis

Question 14

name the GIT condition in cattle

aka carbohydrate overload aka ruminal lactic acidosis;
creates excess gas production leading to bloat

Answer 14

barley poisoning

Question 15

what will barley poisoning in a cow lead to following excess gas production causing bloat and compression of vena cava?

Answer 15

progressive shock

Question 16

what bacteria is favoured in the rumen when barley poisoning leads to a drop in pH killing other bacteria?

Answer 16

Strep bovis

Question 17

what pulse and rumen pH are poor prognostic indicators for a cow with barley poisoning

Answer 17

pulse >100bpm;
rumen pH <4.5

Question 18

what are the 5 main parts of treatment for barley poisoning

Answer 18

1. fluids (IV and oral)
2. bicarbonate
3. NSAID
4. penicillin
5. vit B1, glucose, calcium

Question 19

name the type of bloat

failure of gas cap formation due to increased surface tension;
aka primary bloat;
caused by leaf protein fraction 1 found in clovers, some grasses and some legumes

Answer 19

frothy bloat

Question 20

name the type of bloat

failure of eructation;
from: choke (FB), recumbancy, hypocalcaemia, tumour, abscess, etc

Answer 20

secondary bloat

Question 21

name the two causes/types of secondary bloat

Answer 21

1. failure of eructation
2. excess gas production

Question 22

name 3 things that bloat compresses making it a big problem

Answer 22

1. diaphragm
2. vena cava
3. vagal nerve (further inhibits eructation)

Question 23

what is the treatment for frothy bloat?

Answer 23

stomach tube with anti-foaming agent (vegetable oil)

Question 24

name a metabolic cause of free gas bloat

Answer 24

milk fever

(can’t contract muscles)

Question 26

name 2 neurological causes of free gas bloat

Answer 26

1. tetanus
2. vagal indigestion

Question 27

name 3 treatments for free gas (secondary) bloat

Answer 27

1. relieve pressure with orogastric tube
2. trocharise if required
3. correct primary cause

Question 28

name the type of bloat

sporadic problem in 3-9mo old calves;
enlarged mediastinal LNs following pneumonia?;
may need temporary rumen fistula

Answer 28

recurrent bloat

Question 29

name the type of bloat

due to oesophageal groove dysfunction from poor feeding management so milk enters rumen;
rapid onset, treat with decompression

Answer 29

juvenile bloat

Question 30

this is a sporadic disease of adult cattle;
failure of ingesta to pass through reticulo-omasal orifice or pylorus;
rumen ‘backs up’ with ingesta and feels solid or doughy rather than gassy or tympanic

Answer 30

vagal indigestion

Question 31

what is the treatment for vagal indigestion?

Answer 31

none likely to be effective

Question 32

name 2 options for flank analgesia in cattle

Answer 32

1. line block
2. inverted L block

Question 33

name the type of anaethesia in cattle

excellent analgesia;
smaller drug volume;
easy in lean animals, difficult in large/fat/muscular animals;
drug is distant from wound site

Answer 33

para-vertebral anaesthesia

Question 34

where should you inject the anaesthetic for the paravertebral technique

Answer 34

above and below the transverse process

Question 35

name 3 main reasons to perform a rumenotomy

Answer 35

1. foreign body ingestion
2. barley poisoning
3. recent poison ingestion

Question 36

where do you make the incision for a rumenotomy

Answer 36

left para-lumbar fossa

Question 37

what suture pattern should you use to close the rumen following a rumenotomy

Answer 37

continuous inverting pattern (Utrect)

Question 38

what should be used for definitive diagnosis of traumatic reticulo-peritonitis

Answer 38

ultrasound

Question 39

name 2 ways to prevent risk of traumatic reticulo-peritonitis

Answer 39

1. remove risk
2. magnet bolus

Question 40

name 2 reasons why poor feed intake can lead to an LDA

Answer 40

1. incr. abdominal space
2. decreased gut motility

Question 41

what type of diet is a classic risk factor for an LDA

Answer 41

high concentrate, low forage diet

Question 42

what type of cow is most at risk for an LDA

Answer 42

early lactation dairy cow

Question 43

name 3 clinical signs of LDA

Answer 43

1. hypo-motile rumen
2. ketosis
3. ‘ping’ left side

Question 44

name a medical treatment option for a cow with LDA (25-40% success rate)

Answer 44

rolling

(sedate, cast, and roll cow to knead out gas)

Question 45

where to incise for surgical treatment of LDA?

Answer 45

right paralumbar fossa

Question 46

what is the most important prevention for LDA

Answer 46

transition cow management

Question 47

what suture pattern should be used for end to end anastomosis of the intestine?

Answer 47

simple interrupted

Question 48

what type of suture should be used for an end to end anastomosis of the intestine

Answer 48

monofilament