git Flashcards
CA14-15; CA17-18
name the congenital defect in cattle
common;
progressive abdominal distention by 2-3d, inappetence, pain, depression, weakness;
mucous in rectum;
may palpate loops through wall or ultrasound;
euthanase
atresia coli
name the congenital defect in cattle
diw within 1 wk if untreated;
female may have recto vaginal fistula;
surgical candidates may bulge at site of anus
atresia ani
name the bovine GIT condition
parapox virus;
also pseudocowpox on cow’s teats;
zoonotic;
spread by contact;
calves age 1-12mo;
self limiting;
raised rings on muzzle, nostrils and oral mucosa;
no treatment required
bovine papular stomatitis
what is the treatment for jaw fractures in cattle
wire the jaw & give abx
name 4 clinical signs of a tooth root abscess in a cow
- quidding, halitosis
- enlarged LNs
- mandibular swelling (lower)
- unilateral nasal discharge (upper)
name the bovine GIT condition
inflammation of the mucosae of the mouth/pharynx;
iatrogenic or primary infection;
Fusobacterium necrophorum;
salivation, halitosis, anorexia, stretched neck, etc;
treat with abx and anti-inflammatories
stomatitis/pharyngitis
what is the usual cause of iatrogenic pharyngitis in cattle
bolusing gun injury
name the bovine GIT condition
gram neg commensal;
lesions on tongue and assoc LNs;
“wooden tongue”;
treat with streptomycin and NSAID
Actinobacillosis
(Actinobacillus lingieresii)
name the bovine GIT condition
insidious onset, chronic progression;
lesions in oesophagus, oesophageal groove, cardia, rumen, reticulum;
quidding, bloat, abnormal rumination (gurgling, retching);
non-painful, afebrile;
rare
intestinal actinobacillosis
what is the treatment for Actinobacillosis
- Streptomycin (Pen/Strep)
- NSAID
name the bovine GIT condition
“Lumpy Jaw”;
sporadic disease of adult cattle;
pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis of mandible;
difficult to treat;
initial oedema/soft tissue swelling developing into firm bony swelling on jaw usually at level of central cheek teeth
Actinomycosis
(Actinomyces bovis)
name the bovine GIT condition
“calf diptheria”;
Fusobacterium necrophorum;
younger calves;
sporadic or clusters;
swelling of cheek, necrotic halitosis, abscess or diptheresis, salivation, diff swallowing, pyrexia;
treatment with abx and NSAID
oral necrobacillosis
name the bovine GIT condition
cough, inspiratory stridor (roaring), dyspnoea, anorexia, pyrexia, larynx swollen and painful;
death if untreated;
long course abx (penicillins, macrolides), corticosteroids;
tracheostomy if necessary?
laryngeal necrobacillosis
name the GIT condition in cattle
aka carbohydrate overload aka ruminal lactic acidosis;
creates excess gas production leading to bloat
barley poisoning
what will barley poisoning in a cow lead to following excess gas production causing bloat and compression of vena cava?
progressive shock
what bacteria is favoured in the rumen when barley poisoning leads to a drop in pH killing other bacteria?
Strep bovis
what pulse and rumen pH are poor prognostic indicators for a cow with barley poisoning
pulse >100bpm;
rumen pH <4.5
what are the 5 main parts of treatment for barley poisoning
- fluids (IV and oral)
- bicarbonate
- NSAID
- penicillin
- vit B1, glucose, calcium
name the type of bloat
failure of gas cap formation due to increased surface tension;
aka primary bloat;
caused by leaf protein fraction 1 found in clovers, some grasses and some legumes
frothy bloat
name the type of bloat
failure of eructation;
from: choke (FB), recumbancy, hypocalcaemia, tumour, abscess, etc
secondary bloat
name the two causes/types of secondary bloat
- failure of eructation
- excess gas production
name 3 things that bloat compresses making it a big problem
- diaphragm
- vena cava
- vagal nerve (further inhibits eructation)
what is the treatment for frothy bloat?
stomach tube with anti-foaming agent (vegetable oil)
name a metabolic cause of free gas bloat
milk fever
(can’t contract muscles)
name 2 neurological causes of free gas bloat
- tetanus
- vagal indigestion
name 3 treatments for free gas (secondary) bloat
- relieve pressure with orogastric tube
- trocharise if required
- correct primary cause
name the type of bloat
sporadic problem in 3-9mo old calves;
enlarged mediastinal LNs following pneumonia?;
may need temporary rumen fistula
recurrent bloat
name the type of bloat
due to oesophageal groove dysfunction from poor feeding management so milk enters rumen;
rapid onset, treat with decompression
juvenile bloat
this is a sporadic disease of adult cattle;
failure of ingesta to pass through reticulo-omasal orifice or pylorus;
rumen ‘backs up’ with ingesta and feels solid or doughy rather than gassy or tympanic
vagal indigestion
what is the treatment for vagal indigestion?
none likely to be effective
name 2 options for flank analgesia in cattle
- line block
- inverted L block
name the type of anaethesia in cattle
excellent analgesia;
smaller drug volume;
easy in lean animals, difficult in large/fat/muscular animals;
drug is distant from wound site
para-vertebral anaesthesia
where should you inject the anaesthetic for the paravertebral technique
above and below the transverse process
name 3 main reasons to perform a rumenotomy
- foreign body ingestion
- barley poisoning
- recent poison ingestion
where do you make the incision for a rumenotomy
left para-lumbar fossa
what suture pattern should you use to close the rumen following a rumenotomy
continuous inverting pattern (Utrect)
what should be used for definitive diagnosis of traumatic reticulo-peritonitis
ultrasound
name 2 ways to prevent risk of traumatic reticulo-peritonitis
- remove risk
- magnet bolus
name 2 reasons why poor feed intake can lead to an LDA
- incr. abdominal space
- decreased gut motility
what type of diet is a classic risk factor for an LDA
high concentrate, low forage diet
what type of cow is most at risk for an LDA
early lactation dairy cow
name 3 clinical signs of LDA
- hypo-motile rumen
- ketosis
- ‘ping’ left side
name a medical treatment option for a cow with LDA (25-40% success rate)
rolling
(sedate, cast, and roll cow to knead out gas)
where to incise for surgical treatment of LDA?
right paralumbar fossa
what is the most important prevention for LDA
transition cow management
what suture pattern should be used for end to end anastomosis of the intestine?
simple interrupted
what type of suture should be used for an end to end anastomosis of the intestine
monofilament
