drugz Flashcards
CA06-07
name 3 types of drugs that are not permitted in food producing animals in the UK
- antibiotic growth promoters
- anabolic steroids (incl. oestrogens)
- beta-agonists (repro exception for clenbuterol)
this is the maximum concentration of an active ingredient (or its metabolites) permitted at the time of consumption;
determined from acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for that drug
(honey, meat, milk, eggs)
Maximum Residue Limit (MRL)
what are MRLs (maximum residue limit) used to set?
withdrawal periods
what is the withdrawal period for milk and eggs?
7 days
what is the withdrawal period for meat
28 days
what is the withdrawal period for fish?
500 day-degrees
these are chemicals used in the formulation of a medicine;
may be there to suppress bacterial growth, help solubility, extend shelf life ,etc;
must also be permitted for food producing animals
excipients
the Alpha2 receptor in this species is more sensitive to xylazine compared to other species
cattle
(individual response is HIGHLY variable)
where is the preferred site for IM injections
neck
where should adverse events involving drugs be reported?
VMD
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name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: protein synthesis
gram neg: X
gram pos: ++
anaerobes: +
macrolides
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: protein synthesis
gram neg: X
gram pos: ++
anaerobes: ++
lincosamides
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: protein synthesis
gram neg: +
gram pos: +
anaerobes: +
tetracyclines
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: protein synthesis
gram neg: ++
gram pos: +
anaerobes: X
aminoglycosides
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: cell wall synthesis
gram neg: ++
gram pos: ++
anaerobes: +
cephalosporins
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: cell wall synthesis
gram neg: X
gram pos: ++
anaerobes: ++
penicillin
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: cell wall synthesis
gram neg: +
gram pos: ++
anaerobes: +
aminopenicillins
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: folate metabolism
gram neg: +
gram pos: +
anaerobes: +
TMPS
name the type of antibiotic
mechanism: DNA gyrase
gram neg: ++
gram pos: +
anaerobes: X
fluoroquinolones
name 3 concentration-dependent (type 1) antibiotics
- most fluoroquinolones
- aminoglycosides
- metronidazole
name 2 time-dependent (type 2) antibiotics
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
name 3 mixed-effect (type 3) antibiotics
- some fluoroquinolones
- tetracyclines
- lincosamides
name 4 antibiotics with poor tissue penetration
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- beta-lactamase inhibitors
- aminoglycosides
name 4 antibiotics with good tissue penetration
- TMPS
- lincosamides
- macrolides
- tetracycline
name an antibiotic with very good tissue penetration
fluoroquinolones
this is used to adjust usage by animal biomass;
multiply the number of animals by the standarised weight
population correction unit (PCU)
this is the assumed average dose per kg animal per species per day;
based on the mean daily dose of all indications of that active ingredient
DDDvet
this is the assumed average dose per kg animal per species per treatment course;
based on the mean course dose of all indications of that active ingredient
DCDvet
what are the units for DDDvet and DCDvet for oral and injectable products
mg/kg animal
what are the units for DDDvet and DCDvet for intramammary products lactating cow
units (UD)/teat (dairy cow)
what are the units for DDDvet and DCDvet for intramammary products dry cow
units (UD)/udder (dairy cow)
what are the units for DDDvet and DCDvet for intrauterine products
units (IUP)/animal
