Physical Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

T/F - you legally require a ‘permission to treat’ to have physio on pets?

A

True

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2
Q

Why do we refer for physio?

A
  • Lak of mov and function
  • First line tx for ortho and neuro conditions e/g/ OA
  • When surgical or medical management not appropriate
  • When surgical intervention is required but there is limb disuse, atrophy or loss of function
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3
Q

Responses to injury?

A
  • Return to pre-injury functuon not automatic
  • Left unattended the neuromuscular changes will lead to biomechanical alteractions and unwanted forces on the injured tissues - >long term can lead to a degenrative process
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4
Q

Assessmen does an assessment includE?

A
  • Identifying source
  • Assess integrituy of involved tissues and structures
  • to determine the patients ability to perform ADL
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5
Q

What subjective measures to assess?

A
  • Age
    Past medical hsitory
  • MEdication
  • Aggravating and easing factors
  • Functional compromise
  • Past and present activity levels
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6
Q

What objective measures to assess?

A
  • Gait
  • Transfers
  • Posture
  • Stairs
  • ROM - acitve
  • ROm passive
    Neuro testing
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7
Q

What does a rehab plan look like?

A
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8
Q

What different tx modalities do we have ?

A
  • Manual therapies
  • Electrotherapy
  • Exercise therapy
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9
Q

Describe manual therapies

A
  • Passive mobilisations
  • Soft tissue stretches
  • Accessory mobilisation
  • Trigger points
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10
Q

Benefits of Passive ROM (PROM)

A
  • Reduces risk of contractures
  • Maintenace of muscle elasticity
  • Inc synovial fluid production
  • Maintaining joint ROM
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11
Q

What electrotherapy options are there?

A
  • Laser
  • Neuromuscular stimulation
  • Ice therapy
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12
Q

Describe Muscle Stimulation

A

 Muscle fibre metabolism stimulation is
frequency specific.
 Voluntary contractions recruit small, slow
twitch, oxidative, type 1 muscle fibres
first.
 Muscle stimulated contractions recruit
large, fast twitch, glycolytic, type II
muscle fibres first.

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13
Q

What Contraindications to muscle stimulation

A
  • Impaired sensation
  • Infection
  • Malignancy
  • thrombotic detachment
  • Joint damage
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14
Q

When is muscle stim most beneficial?

A

When used in conjunction with voluntary contractions

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15
Q

What does LASER stand for & what does it do?

A

(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
- Light absorbed
- Chromophores absorb photons in mitochondria
- Light energy is transformed into biochemical energy

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16
Q

Contraindications to LASER?

A
  • Malignancy
  • Eyes
  • Preganncy
  • tHyroid
  • ePilepsy
17
Q

Describe the rehabilitation program?

A
  • Exercise key
  • Tailored exercised to injury
  • Must be progressive
  • Must be timely
18
Q

What must exercise programs be?

A

Individualised, Safe, effective, aim to reduce likelihood of compensation

19
Q

What are the 4 key components of Exercise Therapy?

A
  • Balance (optimsie nerve reactions)
  • Strength (inc muscle forces)
  • Endurance (inc the Cv system)
  • Flexibility (maintains elasticity)
20
Q

Describe Core stability

A
  • Postural stabilising muscles help keep body upright
  • SMaller muscles, mainly over joings
    Large n° of proprioceptive fibres
21
Q

By inc core, what is enhanced?

A

balance reactions

22
Q

Core & the lumbar spine?

A
  • Abdominals provide support and control mov in a highly mobile area
  • Ideal to have a good core in lumbar region - lots of mov emanates from there
    poor core > hypermobile > injury > poor quality mov of all 4 limbs
23
Q

Clinical implications of hydrotherapy?

A
  • Function
  • Mobility and joint range
  • Pain and muscle tone
  • Muscle strength
24
Q

CIs to hydrotherapy ?

A
  • Pulmonary problems
  • Infection
  • Epilepsy
  • Unstable fracture
  • Incontinence?
25
Q

Describe the Assessment part of Hip dysplasia conservative management

A

 Gait – shortened stride, stopping++, slow transfers
 Muscle Atrophy – middle gluteals and pectineus
 Palpation – pain in the above groups
 ROM – reduced extension
 Soft tissue flexibility – tight iliopsoas
 Strength – poor 3 leg stand, poor endurance

26
Q

Rehab plan for hip dysplasia?

A

 Pain management (laser, acupuncture, hands on,
HEP of massage and PROM)
 Mobility ( home environment, exercise advice,
hydrotherapy, stretches)
 Maintain/improve strength ( poles, balance exs,
hydro, muscle stim, core work, quads and gluteals)
 Assistive devices

27
Q

Assessment for degenerative myelopathy?

A
  • Dragging HLs
  • Difficulty with functional transitions -
  • ataxia
  • Reduced conscious proprioception
28
Q

Rehab plan for Degenerative myelopathy?

A

 Poles/weaves
 PROM/massage
 UWTM
 Acupuncture
 Assistive devices

29
Q

Assessement for Medial Patella Lux ?

A

 Reluctance to jump
 Hip hitching type gait
 Intermittent skipping during transitions
 Muscle atrophy of quads and hamstrings
 Tightness of gracilis and hamstrings
 Poor posture – increased flexion of L/S and coxofemoral joints

30
Q

Rehab plan for Medial Patella Lux?

A

 Reduce pain and swelling (laser, ice, acupuncture,
massage)
 Increase soft tissue flexibility (stretches, massage)
 Strengthen (targeted exercises, muscle stim, hydro,
UWTM)
 Gait re-education

31
Q

Femoral head and neck excision assessment?

A

 Weakness of gluteals, hamstrings and quads
 Reduced ROM and pain – hip extension
 Tightness of iliopsoas
 Altered gait - PWB, poor stance posture

32
Q

Rehab aims of FHNE plan?

A
  • Reduce pain,
  • Inc weightbearing
  • Inc hip extension
  • Hip and core strengthening
33
Q

Rehab plan for FHNE?

A

 Weight bearing – weight shifts, slow walking, cavalettis
 ROM – PROM, stretches
 Improve proprioception – wobbleboard
 Improve strength – muscle stim, theraband, inclines,
step ups, sit to stand, zig zags