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VMS4008 > Deer > Flashcards

Deer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the native deer species in UK?

A
  • Red
  • Fallow
  • Roe
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2
Q

What invasive species?

A
  • Sika
  • Muntjac
  • Chinese Water Deer
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3
Q

Domesticated Species?

A
  • Reindeer
  • ‘Red’
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4
Q

Red Deer?

A

Cervus elaphus
Largest UK species
Only widely farmed species
Wild, park, farm
Normal and ‘white’ reds (leukistic)

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5
Q

What kind of breeder are red deer?

A

Seasonal breeders

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6
Q

Fallow Deer name?

A

Dama Dama

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7
Q

Describe Fallow Deer?

A
  • very few farms
  • Common in deer parks
  • Commo,n in the wild
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8
Q

Fallow deer what breeders?

A

seasonal breeders

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9
Q

What kind of animals in fallow deer?

A
  • Palmated antlers
  • FOur colouts - common, menil, leukistic, melanistic
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10
Q

Temperament fallow deer?

A

Fractious, nervous, herd species

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11
Q

Roe deer - name?

A

Capreolus capreolus

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12
Q

Describe Roe deer ?

A
  • WIld deer only
  • None specifically in deer parks
  • Smaller deer species
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13
Q

Reprod/ bhvr roe deer?

A
  • Seasonal breeders (long day)
  • Solitary bery small groups
  • 11 mth gestation - delayed implantation
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14
Q

Sika deer name?

A

Cervus nippon

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15
Q

Describe sika deer?

A
  • Peesent in parks and some areas wild
  • Similar genetics to red deer
  • Smaller stature
  • Variety subsp
  • Hybrid between reds and sika
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16
Q

Name of Muntjac deer?

A

Muntiacus reevesii

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17
Q

Muntjac?

A
  • Small
  • All year round breeders
  • INVASIVE
  • Illegal to release
  • Small antlers
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18
Q

Chinese Water Deer name?

A

Hydropotes inermis

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19
Q

Chinese Water Deer describe

A
  • Small - Slowly increasing range - No antlers, fangs
  • Invasive species
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20
Q

Reindeer name?

A

Rangifer tarandus

21
Q

Describe Reindeer?

A
  • Domesticated in UK
  • exhibition & pet groups most common
  • Caringorm herd
  • Males commonly catsrated
  • Females and males grow antlers
22
Q

Deer bhvr in general?

A
  • PRey species
  • Very new to domestication
  • Heavily seasonal aggression
  • Will fight if pushed
  • Un like any other species to read
  • Bullying
23
Q

Describe Deer Antlers?

A
  • Testosterone. androgen dependant
  • Annual growth
  • Velvet and pedicle growth planes
  • CLeaning
  • Casting
  • Damage & injuries
24
Q

Deer farms?

A
  • Almost exclusively red deer
  • Only venison production in EU
  • NZ velvet industry
  • Regularly handled
  • Must go through abbatoir
25
Q

Describe Deer Farm Facilities.

A
  • Handling facilities to accommodate for danger
  • Stags and hinds both risky to handle
  • Designed around animal behaviour and safety
  • Boards, doors and crush
  • Hydraulic squeeze crush
  • Manual squeeze crush
  • Drop floor crush
26
Q

Describe deer farm management?

A
  • Animals routinely tagged
  • De-antlering of stags
  • Weaning
  • Weighing
  • Vaccination
  • Scanning
  • Trace element supplementation
  • Medication and treatments
27
Q

what common conditions in deer farms?

A
  • PGE
  • Lungworm
  • Copper deficiency
  • Bovine TB
  • Pasteurella
  • Yersinoisis
  • Cryptosporidium
28
Q

What are deer parks?

A
  • Enclosure containing managed deer that are not routinely handled
  • Deer within bounds are “wild”
  • No set legal definition
  • Venison only through Approved Game Handling Establishments
  • Management by rifle
29
Q

Deer Park facilities?

A
  • Wide variety
  • Game larders
  • Feeding arrangements
  • Some have handling facilities
  • Deer leaps
30
Q

Deer Park Management?

A
  • Hands off
  • Culling
  • Deer counts
  • Cull plans
  • Calving/fawning
  • Generally no routine antler removal
  • “Au Natural”
  • Sometimes supplementary feeding
  • No medication
31
Q

Der park common conditions?

A
  • Often related to stocking density
  • Lungworm
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Clostridial disease
  • Toxicities
  • Dystocia
  • Tangling/snaring injuries
32
Q

Wild deer - likely exposure?

A
  • Injury
  • Road traffic accidents
  • Orphaned deer
  • Euthanasia
  • Be aware of legislation and law
  • Consider stress of animal
  • Consider risk to staff members and facilities
33
Q

Orphaned deer ?

A

Species specific
* Releasing criteria
* Rehabilitation centres
* Castration or euthanasia of males
* Behaviour during the rut
* Ewes’ milk or goats’ milk
* Consider colostrum status
* Co-morbidities
* Difficult

34
Q

Zoo collections?

A
  • Reprod assistance/ contraception
  • Injury
    -Routine health checks
  • wOrking with larger team
35
Q

Reindeer main points?

A
  • Often kept as pets
  • Domesticated
  • Tend to be gentle
    -Import currently banned from EU
  • Expensive
  • Winter/ Christmas showing
36
Q

Reindeer management?

A
  • Managed as “exotic” farm species
  • Vaccinations
  • Castration
  • Foot trimming
  • De-antlering
  • Careful with feeding and husbandry
37
Q

Describe antler cycle?

A
38
Q

Antler problems -catsration?

A
  • Require annual de-antlering
  • Perruques
  • Antler warts
  • Broken antlers
  • Pedicle infections
  • Hormone therapy
39
Q

Common Reindeer Conditions?

A
  • PGE
  • Nutritional scouring
  • MCF (ovine / caprine herpesvirus)
  • Trace element deficiencies
  • Lameness/ foot problems
  • Illthrift
  • Clostridial disease
  • Pasteurellosis
40
Q

What is all the legislation surrounding reindeers?

A
  • Vet surgeons act 196
  • Deer act 1991
  • Animal welfare 2006
    • The Welfare of Animals (Transport) (England) Order 2006
  • The Tuberculosis in Animals (England) Order 2021
  • Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 – Alces or Rangifer
41
Q

describe reindeer under vet surgeons act?

A
  • The following are acts of veterinary surgery:
  • “the removal (otherwise than in an emergency for the purpose of saving life or relieving pain
    or suffering) of any part of the antlers of a deer before the velvet of the antlers is frayed and
    the greater part of it has been shed”
  • Intramuscular injections of non-farmed deer (Schedule 3)
42
Q

Describe Deer Act 1991?

A

Governs permissions and offences of wild deer (and park deer)

43
Q

Describe Immobilisation & darting of reindeers?

A
  • Heavily controlled under firearms regulations – section 5 firearm
  • Difficult skill –
  • Legal rQs
  • Team job
44
Q

Darting legislation?

A
  • Non vets may not legally dart ‘wild’ deer
  • Must be under veterinary surgeon’s care
  • ‘Stupefying drugs’ cannot be used to capture ‘wild’ deer without
    licence from Natural England
  • Long turnaround
  • Medicines used often have no MRL
  • EU 2010/63
45
Q

Protocols for darting?

A
  • Species dependent
  • Purpose dependent
  • Anxiety levels dependent
  • Time of year dependent
  • Environment dependent
  • Operator experience dependent
  • Food producing animal status dependent
46
Q

Bovine tuberculosis

A
  • Deer can contract bTB
  • Deer can spread bTB
  • APHA spillover host
  • Deer establishments can be subject to statutory surveillanc
47
Q

TB testing?

A
  • Skin testing
  • Blood testing
  • Post mortem identification
  • Development of new protocols
48
Q

What notifiable reindeer ridseases?

A
  • Bovine tuberculosis (bTB)
  • Foot and Mouth Disease
  • Bluetongue
  • Epizootic haemorrhagic virus
  • (Chronic Wasting Disease)
49
Q

Describe Chronic Wasting Disease?

A
  • TSE found in North American and Scandinavia
  • Highly contagious – all secretions + tissue
  • Fatal
  • Non zoonotic
  • Reason for import ban of Cervidae and strict controls on import of
    products of animal original from Scandinavia
  • Not currently identified in the UK

VMS4008 (37 decks)

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