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VMS4008 > Laying & Backyard poultry > Flashcards

Laying & Backyard poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What to now about backyard laying hens?

A
  • Ex-commercial rehomed hens, point-of-lay pullets via third party
  • often beaks trimmed
  • often well-vaccinated btu long term efficacy unknown
  • Lice problem
  • small breeders will not be vaccinated
  • Peritonitis & salpingitis common
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2
Q

Layer lifecycle & nutriton?

A
  • Similart to broilers
  • Point of lay earlier at 16 weeks
  • Peak lay 27-29 weeks
  • Energy: ‘lean for lay’
  • Ca: 6g Ca / egg to maintain shell quality and bone health
  • Protein: chick quality - ab
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3
Q

In adults - what condition good?

A
  • Chick layer pellets
  • Access to grit at all times Ideally grit size >3mm - flint grit or oystershell (when laying)
  • Reserve maize for cold wether, or illness, for extra energy
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4
Q

Home health monitoring?

A
  • Chicken are prey species so often not shown
  • Owners must be vigilant at home and monitor them regularly to identify early signs of illness
  • Give chart to owners (early weight loss etc)
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5
Q

Signs of sickness?

A
  • Unusual vosalisation
  • Weight loss
  • Reduced BCS
  • Bhvr (hunched ruffling)
  • Gair/mov/ bhvr
  • Vent (dirty covered)
  • Crop (distended or firm)
  • Feathers
  • Scales
  • Comb & wattles
  • Discharge
  • Sneezing or coughing
  • Body shape/ silhouette
  • Faeces (loos eyellow etc)
  • Eggs (reduced)
  • Temp <38° or >42.5°C
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6
Q

History questions?

A
  • Eating & drinking as normal?
  • Levels of redmite? (look with torch on posts and crooks etc)
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7
Q

Describe bullying

A
  • Provide plenty of feeders & drinkers (1/10birds +)
  • Keep good distance between each feeder and drinkers
  • Provide enough nest boxes (1 nest/ 4 birds. +1)
  • Keep mites & lice under control and manage breeding damage quickly
  • Provide lots fo space & interest
  • Introduce new chickens / reintroduced hospitalised hens
  • Provide good nutrition
  • Conmfortable environment
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8
Q

What pathogens are free range birds commonly exposed to ?

A
  • Mycoplasma gallisepticum
  • Mycoplasma synoviae
  • Infectious Bronchitis Virus
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9
Q

What Vaccinations to do?

A
  • Marek’s (do it day old)
  • Mycoplasma G & synoviae -> to reduce antimicrobial use
  • Pasteurella multocida
  • Erysipelothrix rhizopiae
  • (ILT?)
  • Salmonella enteritidis/ tymphimurium
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10
Q

What ommoon presentations & diseases in backyard layers?

A
  • Resp dx
  • Gi dx (crop dx, inappetant, lethargic ruffled up)
  • EctoP
  • Worms
  • Egg related
  • Lameness
  • Mortality
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11
Q

What Resp DDX categories?

A
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Poor ventilation with excess dust
  • Ammonia blindness
  • Yeast & fungal infections
  • Protozoal infections
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12
Q

What BAct infections cause resp digns?

A
  • Mycoplasma G (infraOrbital swelling)
  • Avibact paragallinarum
  • E.coli
  • Pasteurella multocida
  • Staph é strep
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13
Q

Wha main viral causes to resp dx?

A
  • Avian metapneumovirus
  • Infectious bronchitis
  • Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT)
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14
Q

What yeast and fungal infections ddx for resp dx?

A
  • Candida albicans
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
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15
Q

What protozoal infections cause resp signs?

A

Trichomonas gallinae

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16
Q

What Respiratory diagnostics can we do?

A

-OroP/choanal cleft swab for bacteriology
- Tracheal swabs for bacteriology or PCR
- Serology
- Bacteriology from tissue sample on PME
- Aspergillus PCR on blood sample
- Environmental assessment
- Fluroscein staining of the eye to rule out ulcers in cases of ocular swelling

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17
Q

Describe Mycoplasmosis

(most common cause fo resp dx in backyard birds)

A
  • Presentaiton: Tracheal rales
  • Bacterial infection, birds remain persistently infected
  • Recurrent cls when stressed
  • Ideally culture or PCR to confirm
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18
Q

Tx for Mycoplasmosis ?

A

Henri only gives Tylosin or Tialumin if have temperature , severely inappetant or crackels on auscultation, otherwise Tx symptomatically with decongestant (Bisolvon or Vix/Olbas and nurse)

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19
Q

Common abdo -associated cause of sickness in hens ?

A
  • Peritonitis - inflammation of peritoneum usually E.Coli
  • Salpingitis
  • Histomoniasis/Blackhead
  • Coccidiosis in young birds
  • Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome
  • Clostridial diseases
  • Marek’s dx
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20
Q

What does histomoniasis / blackhead cause?

A

Hepatitis, hepatomegaly, typhilitis with caecal coress

21
Q

What does coccidiosis in young birds cause?

A

Haemorrhagic diarrhoea

22
Q

Peritonitis - - Sick hen with no temp and no abdo distention, not emaciated and clear fluid on coelomcentesis - what tx?

A

Meloxicam

23
Q

What Tx for peritonitis? if Sick hen, pyrexic, distended and emaciated or fluid on extraction appears purulent (be aware the difference of small yolk particles compared to purulent material)

A

Amoxicillin / a tetraC & meloxicam

24
Q

Describe slapingitis

A
  • Pus in ovidut or uterus
  • May be acute (liquid) or chronic (solid pus)
25
Q

How to tx & diagnose salpingitis?

A

US & surgery

26
Q

What presentation if salpingitis?

A
27
Q

What different types fo crop dx?

A
  • Crop bind
  • Crop stasis
  • Candidiasis
  • Crop distention
  • Crop worm
28
Q

How to manage crop bind/ impaction?

A
  • Metoclopramide 2-3x daily
  • Liquid paraffin / lactulose & warm water via tube then massage
  • Fluids
  • Surgical emptying & flushing (tube feed after)
29
Q

crop distention tx?

A

often recurrent - bad pg if neuro etc - ingluviectomy (remove part of crop so that not pendulous)

30
Q

Crop mycosis tx?

A
  • Nystatin, Itraconazole, (not licensed) surgical drainage
31
Q

Etoparasites - identify

A
32
Q

How to prevent redmite?

A
  1. Reduce habitat - upgrade housing or heavily varnish wood, keep clean
  2. Monitoring -> regular exam of housing at night - grey if have not fed ; use mite traps for monitoring
33
Q

Management of LICE?

A
  • Minor infestations may respond to Diatomaceous earth dusting of birds
  • For heavy infectations, ivermectin can be givne by spot on or by injection
  • Give two doses, two weeks apart
  • 7 d egg withdrawal

also clean out pen and treat with diatomaceous earth

34
Q

What worm is this?

A

ASCARID IN JEJUNUM

34
Q

How to diagnose endoparasites?

A

Mc MAster FEC best quantitative way - qualitatibe test in practice as screening tools

35
Q

Anthelmintic use?

A
  • Regular FEC very 6-12 weeks to monitor levels of worm eggs. Cheap kits are availabel to clietns online
  • Worm if required in feed with Flubendazole or in water with Fenbendazole
  • In feed option too
36
Q

Describe tapeworms?

A
  • They use up calories so can exacerbate co-morbidities
  • Tx: none licensed, but Praziquantel DRONCIT good
37
Q

What are some common causes of lameness in poultry?

A
  • Infectious (purulent arthritis, reovirus tenosynovitis, marek’s)
  • Trauma (mating damage, fractures, predator attack)
  • Nutritional (hypoCa or Ruptured Gastrocnemius tendon (marked swelling & thickening of tendon)
38
Q

Causes of sudden death

not always causing sudden death but more likely O didn’t notice

A
  • Egg peritonitis/salpingitis
  • Red mite anaemia
  • Histomoniasis/ Blackhead
  • Pasteurella multocida
  • Erysipelosis
  • Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic syndrome
  • Newcastle dx
39
Q

Describe Histomoiasis

A
  • Motile protozoa
  • Tx: oregano extract reduce challenge

Prevention:
- earthworms intermediate host
- Heterakis transport host (worm)
- Lime tx range
- BioS

40
Q

Pasteurella Multocida - describe

A
  • C & S (resp swabs if alive, lungs and liver if dead)
  • Temperature, crackling
  • TX: Amox and tetraCs
41
Q

Erysipelosis - describe

A
  • C & S (blood sample fi alive, liver fi dead)
  • Tx: amox and tetraC
42
Q

Describe Mareks

A

Most common on farm presentation: neuro
Msot common pet presentation: wasting

Tx: nursing & symptomati or Euthanasia

43
Q

What ABS to use when?

A
44
Q

Analgesia license din food producing species?

A
  • Aspiring, paracetamol, ketamine, meloxicam, ketoprophen
  • Aspiric is licensed in poultry in other countries
45
Q

What Anaesthesia considerations pt 1?

A
  • Obesity reduces air sac vol making brids more suceptible to hypovol -> hypercapnia & hypox. Lack of diaphragm = fluid acc in coelomic cavity reduces air sa vol and ventilatory efficiency
  • Hypoglycaemia, stress & CardioP dx major risks
46
Q

Anaesthetic considerations pt 2?

A
  • Use loal anaesthesia or nerve blocks ro reduce anaesthetic maintenance
  • Open mask with Iso then intubate
  • Some drugs can eb given Intranasally (large vascular absorptive surface)
47
Q

How to nurse sick birds?

A
  • Maintain body temp
  • Support nutrition (feeding via crop tube: Emeraid or Oxbow (for critically ill)) - transfer from mash to crumb or pellet to inc food consumption
  • Prevent bullying

VMS4008 (42 decks)

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