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VMS4008 > Feline Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Feline Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What common Protozoa in cats?

A
  • Trichomonas
  • Giardia
  • Toxoplasma gondii
  • Babesia & leishmania (outside UK)
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2
Q

What is common Fungal dx?

A
  • Dermatophytosis
  • Aspergillus
  • Cryptococcus
  • E.cuniculi
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3
Q

Bacterial causes of infectious dx in cats?

A
  • Chlamydia felis
  • E.Coli
  • Pasteurella multocida
  • Bordatella bronchiseptica
  • Campy, slotridia, slamonella
  • Staph/strep
  • MycoB
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4
Q

Virus causes of infectious dx?

A
  • FHV
  • FCV
  • Coronavirus
  • FIV
  • FeLV
  • Panleukopaenia
  • Rabbies
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5
Q

What helminths do cats get?

A

Lungworm
Dirofilaria

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6
Q

What does Cat Flu Include?

A

FHV & FCV
Chlamydia felis ; Bordetella bronchiS ; Mycoplasma spp

common in kittens, secondary bact infections

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7
Q

CLs of Cat Flu?

A
  • blepherospasm, nasal discharge, drooling (oral ulcers), open mouth
  • HERPES = resp dx, skin dx, chronic nasal dx, ocular dx
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8
Q

Describe the FHV virus

A

DNA virus
Single serotype & little variation
Highly infectious
Transmission via oronasal route

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9
Q

Describe FCV virus

A

RNa virus
Single serotypes but variation between isolates

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10
Q

what can ‘cat flu’ be inactivated by?

A

By BLEACH

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11
Q

What most common transmission cat flu?

A

comonly with contact of clinical case
less common asymptomatic carrier
not common with fomites

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12
Q

shedding with herpes?

A

carriers common - hiding in nerves (trigeminal)
intermittent shedding reactivation with stress

(infectious to other cats when shedding)

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13
Q

Response variation in herpes presentation?

A
  • Chronic clinical signs
  • depends on immune system
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14
Q

testing for herpes virus?

A

PCR (but doesnt prove is cause/ cross reaction with vaccination strains)

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15
Q

Describe calicivirus

A
  • shedding intermittent
    • lifelong carriers uncommon
    • acute & chronic dx
  • detect with PCR
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16
Q

Signs of Cilicivirus?

A

SORE THORAT
- Resp dx
- Oral lesions
- Limping syndromes
- Variants causing fatal systemic dx
- Chornic gingivostomatitis?

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17
Q

Chronic results of FHV?

A

Corneal diseases
Herpes dermatitis
Chronic rhinosinusitis
Polyps
Laryngeal disease
NP stenosis

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18
Q

Tx for catflu?

A

Antivirals -> Famciclovir (££££)
Nutrition-> Feeding tubes
Nursing care
Analgesia
Nebulisation

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19
Q

Vaccination & cat flu?

A

Doesn’t prevent infection
Doesn’t prevent carriers
Does reduce clinical disease
Does reduce shedding

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20
Q

Prevention of Cat flu?

A
  • stress & overcrowding (stress = shedding & dx)
  • Breeding environments (quarantine protocols, avoid queen withhistory of flu, remove carriers, regular vacc to maximise MDI)
  • Catteries & clinics -> hygiene & separation of cats
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21
Q

Describe Feline Panleukopaenia

A
  • sudden death
  • GI signs
  • congenital cerebellar damage
  • <50% survive
  • Outbreaks in unvaccinated cats
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22
Q

wha else to know about feline panleukopaenia?

A
  • Infectious in environment fornmonths
  • vaccines provide lasting immunity
  • Can titre test
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23
Q

Desc

Describe FIV & FeLV

A
  • much less ocmmon in uk
  • testing complex
  • vaccination effetive prevention of FeLV
24
Q

FIP - describe

A
  • Feline coronavirus ubiquitous globally
  • Highly contagious
  • RNa virus
  • High rate mutation
  • 2 serotypes
25
Q

who can get affected by FIP

A

CAN cause FIP but in the majority of cats it doesn’t

26
Q

PAthogenesis of FIP?

A
  • Feline enteric coronaV -> replicated in enterocytes, shed in faeces, avirulent/ mild
  • Feline infectious peritonitis virus -> replicated in monocytes/ macrophages - mutation in host
27
Q

What does FIP do?

A

FCoV replicating in macrophages in blood vessel walls ->
* Vasculitis/serositis
* Effusions

Perivascular granulomas->
* Liver
* Kidneys
* Brain
* Eyes

28
Q

Describe variation of virulence with strains & other viral factors?

A
29
Q

Host factors FIP?

A

Immune response (humoral immune responses & T-cell depletion both ↑ FIP),
genetics, breed, age (<2 years), sex (♂)

30
Q

Environmental factors?

A

Stress (e.g. multicat households, neutering, vaccination), degree of FCoV
exposure for faeco-oral transmission (mutation more likely?)

31
Q

Outcomes of FCov infections?

A
32
Q

CLS OF CORONAV?

A

Effusions -yellow thick frothy if shaken
Neuro signs
Ocular dx

33
Q

non specific presentation of FIP?

A
  • lethargy
  • inappetance
  • weight loss
  • V+/D+
34
Q

FIP indicator presentations?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Abdo distention
  • Neuro
  • Ocuar signs
  • Dyspnoea
  • Jaundice
35
Q

Diagnosing FIP?

A

Not one test only
- CLs & signalment
- Biochem changes: globulins, bili
- Fluid: high protein, low cellularity
- Haem: non regen anaemia, microcytosis, neutropaenia
- Imaging: fluid, LNs,
- PCR/ immunohistochemistry
- Tx trials?

36
Q

common haem/ biochem findings FIP?

A

lymphopenia
neutrophilia
anaemia
hyperglobulinaemia
hyperbilirubinaemia

37
Q

Imaging for FIP?

A

POCUS scan for fluid?
Full US to detect lymphadenopathy

38
Q

What molecular diagnostics ?

A

PCR on: fluids, histo, CSF, aqueous H, LN , …

39
Q

What antiviral TX/ Cure to FIP?

A

Remedesvir & GS-441524

50mg tablets

40
Q

Antibiotc use in cats?

A
  • Overuse of higher tier AB
    common in cats
  • Cephalosporin long-acting
    injections over used
  • Always think about significance
    of the bacteria you found
  • Consult the ISCAID guidelines
    and PROTECT information
41
Q

How do we interpret faecal PCR bacterial testing

A

lol difficult also spenny

42
Q

Is bacteria the causes of acute V+, D+ and chronic enteropathies is CATS?

A

No -> therefore no ABs

43
Q

Mycobacteria - describe?

A

Not common but increasing prevalence
Diagnosis can be difficult
Potentially serious zoonosis
Treatment prolonged and expensive

44
Q

What are the types of MycoB?

A
45
Q

Sources of infection ?

A
  • Tuberculous group (from humans, M.bovis from cattle, badgers etc & M.microti from rodents & voles)
  • Infected soil, water,sutaenous inoculation
  • Rodent bites, ingestion of birds or rodents
46
Q

What is M.Bovis infection in cats linked to?

A

Raw fed cats

47
Q

Describe Zoonotic risks TB?

A

Reported with M.bovis
Cats naturally resistant to
M.tuberculosis
M.microti low risk
M.fortuitum cat to human is
reported
M.avium low risk

48
Q

What signs of Mycoplasma can we see ? @

A

Non healing wounds
Skin lesions - leprosy
Eyes

49
Q

How can we stage mycobacteria?

A

Stage with Xrays of chest

50
Q

Treatment?

A
  • Triple therapy -> Rifampicin, Clarithromycin, Fluroquinolones
  • 3-6m therapy
  • Facilitate owner compliance (liquid drugs, all drugs in one capsule, O tube?)
51
Q

What other differential to remmeber that looks like TB?

A

Cow Pox (virus)

52
Q

Describe Giardia

A
  • Asymptomatic found
  • Zoonotic potential
  • Intermittent shedding -3d of faeces
  • Reinfeciton common
  • TX: fenbendazole
  • diet & probiotics
53
Q

Describe Trichomonas fetus

A
  • young cats
  • multicat households
  • large bowel diarrhoea -> FAECAL INCONTINENCE
  • often pedigree cats
54
Q

Dx & Tx for tritrichomonas

A
  • Fresh rectal smear
  • culture
  • PCr most acccurate
    tx: ronidazole
55
Q

TOXO risks?

A

Cats are a low risk to pregnant women
But sensible precautions
Handwashing after gardening and
washing veg + avoid raw meat
Cause of mainly neuro disease in cats

56
Q

Key points on fungal infections

A

Dermatophytosis most common
in UK (by far)
In other countries fungal
infections more important
Fungal nasal infections possibly
underdiagnosed
Cryptococcus a big deal in other
countries
See ABCD info on fungal
treatment

VMS4008 (42 decks)

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