Pet farm animals Flashcards
Euthanasia of Farm animals?
- Animals need to be disposed of correctly and food producing species CANNOR be buried
- They are required to be collected and incinerated by business with appropriate licensing
Common reasons for vet input?
- Preventative healthcare
- Parasite dx and contorl (cutaneous myiasis, parasitic GE)
- Inappropriate husbandry & causing dx
- Old age morbidities
- Animal Welfare
Preventative Healthcare for Pet Pigs?
- Vaccination
- Worming
- Foot Trimming
- Dental procedures - tusk trimming
- Appropriate handling & housing
- Handling procedures
What vaccinations for Pet pigs?
- clostridial dx
- erysipelas
- reproductive vaccines available
Worming for pet pigs?
- Rare burden when kept in extensive environment
- Consider what anthelmintics can be given orally
- Ascaris
wha considerations in the exam of the pet pig?
- Huge!
- Very vocal when handled
- Fat
- Dangerous
- Handling facilities can be variable -> snare, pig board, masterject
Why do we get obese pigs?
- Lack of exercise (should root up to 60% off day, lack grazing)
- High protein diets (designed for fast growing or pregnant/lactating animals in commercial settings ; ‘pet pig’ diet available)
- Secondary problems -> sores, pressure points, skin fold infections, arthritis
How to evaluate obesity in pigs?
- BCS
- Adult pigs should eat between 1-2% of BW/d
- Fed over a large area
- Reduce food 1/3
BCS in pig?
What complications of obesity?
- ENtropion
- Skin fold infections
- Arthritis
Entropion?
- Secondary to large fat folds around the eye
- Can occur in pot-bellied not overweight
- Surgery may be needed to correct
- Can result in enucleation
Skin fold infections?
- Respond well to washing with hibi and topical ABs
- Some deeper infections need parenteral ABs
Describe OA in pigs?
- Ageing pet pig population - Large animals with significant weight on limbs
- Can affect any joints , even spine
- Pain identification. management important -> reluctant to walk/move/root ; lameness although when on multiple limbs don’t always present as lame
- Need to consider licensed drugs
What else can cause OA?
infectious dx in pigs
what drug licensed in pigs?
Metacam
How do we do Euthanasia in Pigs?
- Heavily sedate or Ga to euthanasia with pen?? or somulose
- IP or Intracardiac admin of sedation or GA
- Have used GA
Sedation then shot?
bigs can only be shot with suitable firearm license therefore may need knackerman to perform euthanasia
What preventative healthcare in a goat?
- Registered holding, ear tagging, mov restrictions
- Zoonotic dx
- Vaccination )> Clostridial dx, Q fever
- Worming -> highly susceptible
- Disbudding
- Foot trimming
Describe Acidosis/ Bloat ?
- Chronic acidosis
- Inadequate forage provision
CLS of acidosis/bloat?
- Frothing green discharge,
- Hx mild discomfort or distended abdomen that comes and goes,
- Poor body condition despite the excess concentrate feeding, on/off diarrhoea
- Environment- hay on floor, reluctant to eat forage/grass paddocks only available
- Most pet goats probably suffering with this!
Tx for aciosis/bloat?
- Antacids/Educate clients
- Antibiotics
Urolithiasis in goats?
- Small calculi develop in the bladder
- Young castrated males
- High levels of minerals precipitate and crystallise from urine.
Calcium phosphate and struvite most common in goats - High concentrate diet, reduced water intake, increasing urine
pH all risk factors
Clinical signs of urolithiasis?
- Straining +++- sometimes difficult for owners to know if
straining to urinate or defaecate - Urinating little and often/dribbling/not a full stream seen
- Very uncomfortable/painful- ‘colic-like symptoms’
- Dried crystals around prepuce ??
- Rectal examination- pulsating urethra
- Often an ‘improvement’ in clinical signs once bladder has
ruptured
Pg for urolithiasis?
poor
Urolithiasis Medical tx?
- Buscopan, NSAIDs, increase water intake
- Cross your fingers?
- Urinary Acidifiers
Urolithiasis Surgical tx?
- Remove Urethral Process
- Referral surgery
- Tube cystotomy - allow urethra and tissues to recover/ stones within the urethra to
dissolve - Perineal urethrostomy- New opening made in perioneal area if blockage is distal to this.
Animal urinates backwards and down like a female
Prevention for urolithiasis?
Adequate fresh water &
Diet
fresh water?
if large herd of goats - should have several buckets of water available as goats can bully each other
Diet for urolithiasis?
- High concentrate diets have approx 1:1
calcium/phosphorus - This ratio should be 2:1
- Animals with low forage diet →
poorer rumination →reduced saliva
production, saliva high in phosphorus
→ reduced excretion of phos?
Euthanasia in goats?
- Captive bolt possible
- Not always wanted by owners
- Veins easily accessed- jugular and cephalic (just like
companion animals) - Vocalising with injections- this can happen with
euthanasia - Sedation may be required in advance
- Catheters may be useful
- Owners may be required to restrain
Preventative healthcare in pet sheep?
- Tagging, mov restrictions, holding n°
- Zoonotic dx
- Vaccination -> clostridial, pasteurella
- Worming -> appropriate parasite control
- Foot care
- Housing & facilities
- Breeding & lambing
Cutaneous Myasis ‘fly strike’?
- opportunistic invasion of skin from maggts
- 2ary to faecal staining, dirty fleeces
- Greenbottle flies
- Summer months
- Maggots hatch within 12 h of laying
- Cause skin & muscle damage
CLS of Cutaneous myiasis?
Isolation from flock, discoloured wool, agitation, foot stomping, twitching,
tissue decay, foul smelling secondary infection, toxaemia, death
Tx for cutaneous myiasis?
Isolate, trim fleece, remove maggots, clean, debride, disinfect, pain relief,
topical insecticide
Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Alpha- Cypermethrin
Prevention against flystrike?
DICYCLAIL, CYPERMETHRIN
Euthanasia in pet sheep?
- Sheep veins typically difficult to find – CLIP
- Captive bolt possible
- Often not wanted
- IV pentobarb
- Sedation before euthanasia?
- Cannula insertion
- Discussing expectations with owner
Pet cow preventative healthcare?
- Tagging, movement restrictions, holding number
- Vaccination
Clostridial disease
Other infectious diseases - Worming
Not commonly required - Foot care
- Appropriate housing and handling facilities
- SPACE
Euthanasia of Poultry?
Pentobarbital into cloaca
* Slow but effective, use larger volume than
IV. Non-invasive, easy to perform,
* Well received by owners
IV medial metatarsal vein
* Dilute solution
* Relatively easy to access
Brachial wing vein
Intraperitoneal??
