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VMS4008 > Pet farm animals > Flashcards

Pet farm animals Flashcards

1
Q

Euthanasia of Farm animals?

A
  • Animals need to be disposed of correctly and food producing species CANNOR be buried
  • They are required to be collected and incinerated by business with appropriate licensing
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2
Q

Common reasons for vet input?

A
  • Preventative healthcare
  • Parasite dx and contorl (cutaneous myiasis, parasitic GE)
  • Inappropriate husbandry & causing dx
  • Old age morbidities
  • Animal Welfare
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3
Q

Preventative Healthcare for Pet Pigs?

A
  • Vaccination
  • Worming
  • Foot Trimming
  • Dental procedures - tusk trimming
  • Appropriate handling & housing
  • Handling procedures
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4
Q

What vaccinations for Pet pigs?

A
  • clostridial dx
  • erysipelas
  • reproductive vaccines available
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5
Q

Worming for pet pigs?

A
  • Rare burden when kept in extensive environment
  • Consider what anthelmintics can be given orally
  • Ascaris
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6
Q

wha considerations in the exam of the pet pig?

A
  • Huge!
  • Very vocal when handled
  • Fat
  • Dangerous
  • Handling facilities can be variable -> snare, pig board, masterject
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7
Q

Why do we get obese pigs?

A
  • Lack of exercise (should root up to 60% off day, lack grazing)
  • High protein diets (designed for fast growing or pregnant/lactating animals in commercial settings ; ‘pet pig’ diet available)
  • Secondary problems -> sores, pressure points, skin fold infections, arthritis
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8
Q

How to evaluate obesity in pigs?

A
  • BCS
  • Adult pigs should eat between 1-2% of BW/d
  • Fed over a large area
  • Reduce food 1/3
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9
Q

BCS in pig?

A
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10
Q

What complications of obesity?

A
  • ENtropion
  • Skin fold infections
  • Arthritis
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11
Q

Entropion?

A
  • Secondary to large fat folds around the eye
  • Can occur in pot-bellied not overweight
  • Surgery may be needed to correct
  • Can result in enucleation
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12
Q

Skin fold infections?

A
  • Respond well to washing with hibi and topical ABs
  • Some deeper infections need parenteral ABs
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13
Q

Describe OA in pigs?

A
  • Ageing pet pig population - Large animals with significant weight on limbs
  • Can affect any joints , even spine
  • Pain identification. management important -> reluctant to walk/move/root ; lameness although when on multiple limbs don’t always present as lame
  • Need to consider licensed drugs
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14
Q

What else can cause OA?

A

infectious dx in pigs

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15
Q

what drug licensed in pigs?

A

Metacam

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16
Q

How do we do Euthanasia in Pigs?

A
  • Heavily sedate or Ga to euthanasia with pen?? or somulose
  • IP or Intracardiac admin of sedation or GA
  • Have used GA
17
Q

Sedation then shot?

A

bigs can only be shot with suitable firearm license therefore may need knackerman to perform euthanasia

18
Q

What preventative healthcare in a goat?

A
  • Registered holding, ear tagging, mov restrictions
  • Zoonotic dx
  • Vaccination )> Clostridial dx, Q fever
  • Worming -> highly susceptible
  • Disbudding
  • Foot trimming
19
Q

Describe Acidosis/ Bloat ?

A
  • Chronic acidosis
  • Inadequate forage provision
20
Q

CLS of acidosis/bloat?

A
  • Frothing green discharge,
  • Hx mild discomfort or distended abdomen that comes and goes,
  • Poor body condition despite the excess concentrate feeding, on/off diarrhoea
  • Environment- hay on floor, reluctant to eat forage/grass paddocks only available
  • Most pet goats probably suffering with this!
21
Q

Tx for aciosis/bloat?

A
  • Antacids/Educate clients
  • Antibiotics
22
Q

Urolithiasis in goats?

A
  • Small calculi develop in the bladder
  • Young castrated males
  • High levels of minerals precipitate and crystallise from urine.
    Calcium phosphate and struvite most common in goats
  • High concentrate diet, reduced water intake, increasing urine
    pH all risk factors
23
Q

Clinical signs of urolithiasis?

A
  • Straining +++- sometimes difficult for owners to know if
    straining to urinate or defaecate
  • Urinating little and often/dribbling/not a full stream seen
  • Very uncomfortable/painful- ‘colic-like symptoms’
  • Dried crystals around prepuce ??
  • Rectal examination- pulsating urethra
  • Often an ‘improvement’ in clinical signs once bladder has
    ruptured
24
Q

Pg for urolithiasis?

A

poor

25
Q

Urolithiasis Medical tx?

A
  • Buscopan, NSAIDs, increase water intake
  • Cross your fingers?
  • Urinary Acidifiers
26
Q

Urolithiasis Surgical tx?

A
  • Remove Urethral Process
  • Referral surgery
  • Tube cystotomy - allow urethra and tissues to recover/ stones within the urethra to
    dissolve
  • Perineal urethrostomy- New opening made in perioneal area if blockage is distal to this.
    Animal urinates backwards and down like a female
27
Q

Prevention for urolithiasis?

A

Adequate fresh water &
Diet

28
Q

fresh water?

A

if large herd of goats - should have several buckets of water available as goats can bully each other

29
Q

Diet for urolithiasis?

A
  • High concentrate diets have approx 1:1
    calcium/phosphorus
  • This ratio should be 2:1
  • Animals with low forage diet →
    poorer rumination →reduced saliva
    production, saliva high in phosphorus
    → reduced excretion of phos?
30
Q

Euthanasia in goats?

A
  • Captive bolt possible
  • Not always wanted by owners
  • Veins easily accessed- jugular and cephalic (just like
    companion animals)
  • Vocalising with injections- this can happen with
    euthanasia
  • Sedation may be required in advance
  • Catheters may be useful
  • Owners may be required to restrain
31
Q

Preventative healthcare in pet sheep?

A
  • Tagging, mov restrictions, holding n°
  • Zoonotic dx
  • Vaccination -> clostridial, pasteurella
  • Worming -> appropriate parasite control
  • Foot care
  • Housing & facilities
  • Breeding & lambing
32
Q

Cutaneous Myasis ‘fly strike’?

A
  • opportunistic invasion of skin from maggts
  • 2ary to faecal staining, dirty fleeces
  • Greenbottle flies
  • Summer months
  • Maggots hatch within 12 h of laying
  • Cause skin & muscle damage
33
Q

CLS of Cutaneous myiasis?

A

Isolation from flock, discoloured wool, agitation, foot stomping, twitching,
tissue decay, foul smelling secondary infection, toxaemia, death

34
Q

Tx for cutaneous myiasis?

A

Isolate, trim fleece, remove maggots, clean, debride, disinfect, pain relief,
topical insecticide

Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Alpha- Cypermethrin

35
Q

Prevention against flystrike?

A

DICYCLAIL, CYPERMETHRIN

36
Q

Euthanasia in pet sheep?

A
  • Sheep veins typically difficult to find – CLIP
  • Captive bolt possible
  • Often not wanted
  • IV pentobarb
  • Sedation before euthanasia?
  • Cannula insertion
  • Discussing expectations with owner
37
Q

Pet cow preventative healthcare?

A
  • Tagging, movement restrictions, holding number
  • Vaccination
    Clostridial disease
    Other infectious diseases
  • Worming
    Not commonly required
  • Foot care
  • Appropriate housing and handling facilities
  • SPACE
38
Q

Euthanasia of Poultry?

A

Pentobarbital into cloaca
* Slow but effective, use larger volume than
IV. Non-invasive, easy to perform,
* Well received by owners

IV medial metatarsal vein
* Dilute solution
* Relatively easy to access

Brachial wing vein
Intraperitoneal??

VMS4008 (42 decks)

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