Maintaining Healthy Companion Animal Flashcards
NEw Patient - what to consider?
- BReding/ neutering
- Annual health checks
- Breeder paperwork
- Health Care Plans
- Dew clax removal
- Hip/elbow/ eyes score
- Insurance
- Parasite control
- Screening and blood tests
- Bhvr and socialisation
- Tail docking
- Vaccination
- Prescriptions
- Microchip
- Nutrition
- Travel docs
- Prescriptions
Kitten/ puppy cconsult - what to consider?
- what has breeder already done?
- Advise on diet, vaccines, parasites, neutering, microchip, insurance, socialisation
Clinical Exam Puppy Kitten?
- Undershot/ overshow jaw (malocclusion)
- EctoPs
- Heart murmurs
- Umbilical hernia
Describe Adult Health Consults
- CE
- Preventative medicine
Senior HEalth consults?
(dog >6-12y) (cat >12y)
Same as adult + OA / pain maangement, screening (bloods/urine), T4 and blood pressure in cats
Role of Nurse Clinics?
- Puppy parties
- Weight clinics/ nutrition
- Grooming
- Health monitoring (diabetes clinics, senior pet clinics, 2nd/3rd vacc, dental checks)
What are the WSAVA guidelines for vaccines?
- Core : protect from severe life threatening dx regardless fo circumstances
- Non-core: relative to geographical location, lifestyle or environment (i.e. rabies before travel)
- Not recommended (not enough scientific evidence)
Describe serology for vaccination decision making?
- Can measure antibody levels for Distemper, Canine hep, Canine and Feline Parvo, Feline herpes and calicivirus
What Canine Vaccinations?
- Leptospirosis (L)
- Canine adenovirus (H)
- Canine parainfluenza virus (Pi)
- Canine distemper virus (D)
- Canine parvovirus type 2 (P)
- Rabies
- Bordatella bronchiseptica
What main feline vaccines?
- ‘Cat flu’ (feline calicivirus (C)) & Fe Herpesvirus 1 (R)
- Feline parvo, enteritis (P)
- Feline leukaemia (FeLV)
- Rabies
What CORE vaccines in dog?
- Canine distemper
- Canine adenovirus
- Canine parvovirus
- Lepto
(Rabies if endemic)
What are the CORE feline vaccines?
- Feline Parvovirus
- Feline herpesvirus 1
- Feline Calicivirus
(rabies in countries where endemic) - Feline leukaemia
What TIMING recommendations from WSAVA for vaccinations
- 1st -> 8-9 wks of age
- 2nd -> at 12 weeks
- 3rd at 16 weeks or older
- 4th at 26weeks
- Then every 3 years
What is the issue with timing for vaccination?
- Manufacturers say only 2 vaccines required
- BEcause of MDA 10% of puppies may fail to respond to primary core vaccination when the last of these primary vaccines is given at 12 weeks of age
IS Leptospirosis in UK?
YES
Describe the serovars of Lepto
- L. interrogans Canicola Canicola
- L. interrogans Icterohaemorrhagiae Copenhageni
- L. interrogans AustralisBRatislava
- L.kirschneri Grippotyphosa Banali
What knowledge are we missing on Lepto ?
- How significant problem is
- Where geographically hotspots are
- Which serogroups and serovars present
L2 vs L4 reactions?
L2 <2/10000 doses
L4 <4/10000 doses
Real name of Kennel Cough?
Canine infectious tracheobronchitis or disease complex
How many strains of Kennel cough?
9 +
Who is at risk of kennel cough?
- Kennels frequently
- Attend shows, competitions
- Doggy daycare
- Rescue centres
What can be incorporated in vacc schedule for Kennel cough?
Canine Parainfluena and/ or Bordetella bronchiseptica
WHat is super important to point out to clients with Kennel Cough?
LIVE VACCINE - careful with immunosuppression / compromised person
(oronasal shedding continues up to 35d)
What should you avoid 14d post-vaccination with KC?
Antibiotics
Rabies Vaccine?
Not endemic in the UK, RQ for Travel
Leishmania vaccine?
- Doesn’t prevent infection but reduced risk by promoting cell-mediated immunity
- Only give to healthy seronegative dogs when at high risk
Borriela vaccine? (Lyme dx)
- Use fo an acaricide considered effective - takes 24 hrs from attachment to tick to transfer of Borrelia - by which time tick should be dead
Canine Herpes Vaccine?
- For use in pregnant bitches to provide passive protection for the puppies in the first few days of life via antibodies in colostrum
- First injection 7-10 days after the presumed date of mating
- Second injection: 1-2 weeks before the expected date of whelping
IS FIP licensed in UK?
No - not available (other countries do but serology can’t distinguish vacc from infection)
Describe FIP vaccination
NOT RECOMMENDED
- Only ats know to be feline coronavirus antibody-negative at time of vacc are likely to develop protection
- Given at 16 weeks old
What Causes of vaccination failure?
Non responders, MPersistence fo Maternal immunity, circulation of different antigenci variants, vaccine storage or admin errors, non compliance with vacc schedule
How long are MDAs protecting kittens/ puppies?
first few weeks - waned by 8-12 weeks - hence recommended to give again after then
What is the ‘window of susceptibility’ or ‘immunity gap’?
2-3 weeks where MDA falls to a level that isn’t protective but is enough to neutralize vaccine virus
What to do in Rottweilers an Dobbies?
HIGHER RISK of primary immunisation failure to CPV vaccines -> give another vaccine at 4 months old for parvo
What info should you record in vaccination card?
Animal ID,Microchip n°, owner name and address, date of vaccine, vacc type/ name and lot number, signature of vet
What do MAcrocyclic lactones and benzimidazooles cover?
Nematodes and cestodes (Milbemycin, moxidectin, selamectin ; Fenbendaoles..)
Dipylidium sp not controlled -what do we use for it?
Praziquantel (Droncit)
Puppies - Roundworm prevention?
Treat at 2,5, 8 wks and then every month until 6 mths old
Pregnant bitches - Roudworm tx?
3rd trimester tx (fenbendazole SID from day 40until 2 wks post partum or ML on day 40 & 55)
How often to treat for roundworms if dog sharing home with young children to immunocompromised individuals?
Monthly if FWEC is not performed
How often to treat roundworms in shows/ sports/ kennel dogs?
1 month before and 2-4 weeks after event
Describe Tapeworm prevention?
- Travel - part of AHC guidelines
- Raw-fed dogs - every 6 weeks
- Flea infestation (they can carry tapeworm)
Indoor Cat Worming?
1x yearly
Outdoor hunting cats?
4 x / year for round and tapeworms
What different treatments do we have?
- Ectoparasites
- Acaricides (mites and ticks)
- Insecticides (insects)
- Growth regulators -> methoprene & lufenuron
Reasons to neuter?
- Prevention fo unwanted pregnancy
- Undesirable signs of oestrus
- Prophylaxis (mammary neoplasia)
- Treatment (pyometra, neop)
- Inherited disease (intersexualised)
- Bhvr modification
- Longevity
- Cats= reduced risk of FIV/ FeLV
Reasons not to neuter?
- Permanent (surgery)
- ELective procedure ona. healthy animal
- USMI
- Obesity ?
Timing of neutering- Prepubertal - Advantages?
- Quicker recovery (M/F)
- Reduces risk of mammary neoplasia (F)
- Bhvr not established (M/F)
Timing neutering prepubertal - Disadvantages?
- Increased anesthesia risk (M/F)
- Delayed closure of growth plates (M/F?)
- Vulvar size (F)
- Possible risk of USMI in large breed dogs
What regulations for microchipping? dogs
The Microchipping of Dogs Regulation 2015, made under section 12 of the The Animal Welfare Act 2006, cam einto effect 2015 for all dogs over 8 Weeks
When do cats need to be microchipped by?
20 weeks old
Detail prescription regulations
- No longer need to carry out PE to take animal under your care
- Must be able to provide follow up care on 24/7 basis
- Must always perform PE in cases of suspected notifiable dx, controlled drug and AB, antifungal, antiparasitics, antivirals
Tail Docking - regulations?
The Docking of Working Dogs Tail Regulations 2007
- Breeder and bet to complete certificate
- Medical reason or working dogs only
- Vet must receive evidence that pups meet conditions
- declaration that pup will be future working dog
- WITHIN 5 DAYS of birth
- Pup needs to be microchipped before 8 weeks at the same practice
What is a true dew claw?
1st digit hind and fore limb - the HINDLIMB ones are vestigial but the front ones are ACTUAL digits
Who can amputate dew claws?
IF the puppy’s eyes aren’t open yet -> anyone over 18 can
What does the removal of Dew Claws stand as legally?
The Animal Welfare Act 2006 considers r a ‘permitted procedure’ with the condition that anaesthetic must be administered once puppy’s eyes are open
Ear Cropping Legally?
Illegal in the UK but can send abroad to do it
Kept ANimal Bill 2023 would have tackled importation of dogs with cropped ears & puppy smuggling but got rejected
