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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for Photosynthesis?

A

6 carbon dioxide + 6 water =Glucose +6 oxygen

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2
Q

Chloroplast function

A

Transforms light energy into glucose bond and changes inorganic molecules into organic molecules.

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3
Q

What are the two parts of chloroplasts?

A

Grana and Stroma.

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4
Q

What is the Grana?

A

It is a stack of thylakoid where a light reaction occurs transforming light energy into ATP.

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5
Q

Stroma?

A

Fluid filled where a dark reaction occurs, light independent reaction + glucose is made.

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6
Q

Where does Photosynthesis occur?

A

Leaves of Autotrophs

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7
Q

What are autotrophs

A

Organisms that produce their own food

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8
Q

What’s a thylakoid?

A

A thylakiod contains chlorophyll pigment which converts light into ATP.

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9
Q

What is a thylakoid made up of?

A

Multiple proteins and chlorophyll.

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10
Q

What does oxidation mean

A

There is a loss of an Electron and Hydrogen.

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11
Q

What are photons of Light?

A

PParticles that carry light energy

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12
Q

Where do Light Dependent reactions occur?

A

The thylakoid Membrane

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13
Q

Where do Light independent reactions occur?

A

The Stroma.

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14
Q

What does the leaf reflect and absorb?

A

Reflects:Yellow and Green light
Absorbs: Red and Blue light

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15
Q

What is the Great Chlorophyll’s function?

A

Chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy in the thylakoid membrane

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16
Q

What happens to the rate of Photosynthesis as light intensity increases?

A

The rate will increase until it is at max peak.

17
Q

Why does the rate of Photosynthesis level off even as light intensity continues to increase?

A

All of the enzymes are engaged/saturated.

18
Q

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as carbon dioxide concentrations increase?

A

As CO2 increases photosynthesis increases.

19
Q

Why does the rate of photosynthesis level off even when CO2 increases?

A

Level off b/c all enzymes in cal. cycle engage and dependent reactions go as fast as light independent reactions.

20
Q

Is CO2 a reactant or product of Photosynthesis?

A

It is a reactant/Raw material.

21
Q

Describe what happens to the rate of Photosynthesis as temp. increases

A

As temp. increases molecular motion increases

22
Q

Explain why the rate of photosynthesis decreases at high temp.

A

This is because Enzymes denature.

23
Q

What are Photosystems?

A

They are complexes of protein and pigment that are located in the thylakoid membrane that absorb light energy and excite electrons.

24
Q

What are two types of Photosystems?

A

Photosystem one and photosystem 2

25
Q

What is the primary function of Photosystem 2?

A

They capture photons and use the energy to initiate photolysis and extract the electrons to initiate the electron transport chain by exciting electrons.

26
Q

What is photolysis?

A

It is used to replace the electrons lost in photosystem 2. It breaks down H2O into O2, H and electrons (it is used).

27
Q

What is the Calvin cycle?

A

The reactions that synthesis glucose from CO2 that occur in the Stroma.

28
Q

How is light energy transformed into NADPH? (9)

A
  1. LE is absorbed by PSI and PSII into accessory pigments
  2. Energy bounces from pigment to pigment (to dissipate heat)
  3. Targets the electron, exciting
  4. Transferred to primary e- acceptor
  5. e- goes down ETC
  6. Loses energy
  7. Re - energized by PSI
  8. Goes down ETC and transfers to NADP+
  9. NADP+ is reduced to NADPH
29
Q

How is NADPH used and NADP+ recycled?

A

Basically, NADPH provides H and e- to the Calvin cycle making NADP+.

30
Q

How is ATP used and ADP recycled?

A

ATP would donate a phosphate group to the calvin cycle to form ADP.

31
Q

How is ATP synthesized in the Chloroplast?

A

H+ is activly pumped and passes through ATP synthase causing the protein to spin allowing ADP and a phosphate group to bind to form ATP.

32
Q

What is the primary of photosystem 1?

A

Re excites/Re energizes electrons

Biology (21 decks)

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