Carbohydrates Flashcards
No one likes you
What is the biggest similarity in carbohydrate names?
-ose`
What are three common atoms in carbs?
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Atom ratio
1:2:1
Name of monomers
Monosacherides
What structure do all carbs have
Ring structure
Def. of pentose
Pentagonal structure (C5H10O5)
Two examples of pentose
Ribose and deoxiribose
What is ribose?
It is a pentose monosaccharide that makes up the RNA nucleotide(C5H10O5)
What about Deoxyribose?
Pentose monosacheride, that makes of the DNA, and is genetic material (C5H10O4)
What is Hexose?
It has a Hexagonal structure (C6H12O6)
Main function of Hexose carbs
Immediate energy source
Properties of Hexose
It is a product of photosynthesis, a reactant of cellular respiration and can be transported through cell due to small size.
Three examples of Hexose
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What is Glucose?
Hexose monosacheride that is made by plants during photosynthesis. It is very important since it plays in multiple processes in biology.
What is galactose?
It is a Hexose monosaccharide that is found in milk
What is fructose
It is a Hexose monosacheride that is found in fruits.
What is an isomer?
Same molecular formula but it has different properties due to different structures.
Definition of disaccharides
Basically it is two bonded monosaccharides
What is sucrose?
It is a diasacheride w/ glucose and fructose
What is lactose?
It is a diasacheride w/ galactose+glucose
What is maltose?
It is a diasacheride w/glucose+glucose.
What are three properties all polysaccharides have in common?
They are insoluble and can’t cross through cell membrane. They are mainly made up of glucose monomers.
Two types of polysacherides
Storage polysacheride and structural polysacheride
Def. of storage polysacherides
It stores energy for organisms
What is structural polysacherides
Provide structural support/strength to the cells
What is glycogen?
It is a storage polysacheride that is found in liver and muscle and it increases blood sugar by breaking down into glucose.
What is starch?
Storage polysacheride which is found in plant ROOTS AND STEMS. When we eat the plants we hydrolyze the starch into glucose and the body gains energy.
Insulin?
Hormone in pancreas that regulates blood sugar by storing excess glucose as glycogen.
What is cellulose?
Structural polysacheride that builds cell walls.
What is amylase?
It is an enzyme in the mouth that breaks amylose into glucose monomers.(breaks down starch usually)
