Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes are an example of

Answer 1

Functional proteins

Question 2

What are enzymes consisted of

Answer 2

Amino Acids

Question 3

Polypeptide chains that make up an enzyme are

Answer 3

Folded in a highly specific way

to give the enzyme a precise

three dimensional shape

Question 4

The shape of polypeptide chains are influenced by

Answer 4

weak hydrogen bonds and
R group interactions.

Question 5

What is activation energy?

Answer 5

Minimum amount of energy needed to start a chem. reaction.

Question 6

Lactase digests

Answer 6

lactose

Question 7

Amylase digests

Answer 7

Amylose

Question 8

Sucrase digests

Answer 8

Sucrose

Question 9

Maltase digests

Answer 9

Maltose

Question 10

Lipase digests

Answer 10

lipids

Question 11

Protease digests

Answer 11

protein

Question 12

Reactant in an enzyme substrate reaction s also called a

Answer 12

Substrate

Question 13

What are catalysts?

Answer 13

Anything that speeds up chemical reactions such as Enzymes

Question 14

What is anabolism

Answer 14

The process of building up larger molecules.

Question 15

What is catabolism?

Answer 15

It is the process of breaking down molecules into smaller ones.

Question 16

What are enzymes?

Answer 16

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Question 17

What is the function of enzymes

Answer 17

Enzymes are catalysts that speed of the rate of a chemical reaction. How? By lowering the activation energy.

Question 18

What is the active site

Answer 18

The active site is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Question 19

What factors affect enzyme activity

Answer 19

Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.

Question 20

Why can enzymes be reused?

Answer 20

They are not changed nor used up in a reaction and are effective in minute quantity

Question 21

Why are enzymes specific?

Answer 21

1.They catalyze ONLY one substance(even isomers are not interchangable)
2. Reactant in an enzyme-substrate reaction is called a SUBSTRATE.

Question 22

What does ph stand for?

Answer 22

Parts per hydrogen

Question 23

What pH is acidic and what pH is’t basiuc?

Answer 23

pH 1-6 is acidic
pH 7-14 is basic

Question 24

What range do most enzymes prefer

Answer 24

A narrow pH range

Question 25

What happens with a change in pH?

Answer 25

It would break the bonds that hold tertiary structure.

Question 26

What is neutral pH

Answer 26

pH 7 is neutral

Question 27

What is optimum pH

Answer 27

The pH that is suitable for the enzyme do be fully functional.

Question 28

What are competitive inhibitors

Answer 28

They are inhibitors that slow or stop the chemical reaction rate down by blocking the active site.

Question 29

What are non-competitive inhibitors?

Answer 29

They are inhibitors that slow the chemical reaction rate down by pushing on the active site making it change so it doesn’t fit with the substrate. This is due to induced fit.

Question 30

What is metabolic pathway?

Answer 30

A series of interconnected chemical reactions that occur within a cell

Question 30

What is induced fit?

Answer 30

When a substrate binds to an enzyme’s active site, the enzyme slightly changes its shape to better accommodate the substrate.

Question 31

What is a co-enzyme?

Answer 31

An organic molecule that helps speed up chemical reactions, some enzymes require it.

Question 31

What is optimal temp.?

Answer 31

37 degrees Celsius.

Question 32

What makes an enzyme reaction anabolic?

Answer 32

It is endothermic, it has synthesis reactions, and forms bonds to make larger molecules.

Question 32

Why are enzymes organic?

Answer 32

They contain c+h bonds

Question 32

What is the ES complex?

Answer 32

When the substrate binds with the enzyme.

Question 33

What are cofactors

Answer 33

Inorganic helpers that attach to the enzyme to help the substrate binds to the enzyme.

Question 34

When there is a fixed amount of substrate but an increasing amount of enzyme, what happens to the rate of reaction?

Answer 34

When enzymes concentration increases the rate of reaction increases because there are more ES complexes being made. However, if the enzyme concentration increases to a point when there is more enzymes than substrate, the reaction would stay the same because all the substrate was already binded to an enzyme.

Question 35

When there is a fixed amount of enzyme but an increasing amount of substrate what happens to the rate of reaction?

Answer 35

At a low concentration of substrate, there is a steep increase in the rate of reaction with increasing substrate concentration.

B. As the concentration of the substrate increases to a point where there is more substrate than enzyme, then the enzyme becomes saturated and the rate of reaction stays the same or levels out.

Question 36

what do inhibitors do?

Answer 36

Slows the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions

Question 37

What are the different types of inhibitors?

Answer 37

Irreversible inhibitors and reversible inhibitors.

Question 38

What are irreversible inhibitors?

Answer 38

They form covalent bonds with the enzyme at its active site therefore permanently blocking the substrate.

Question 39

What are reversible inhibitors?

Answer 39

They form temporary bonds with the enzyme which slows the reaction rate while the inhibitor is bound to the substrate.
The effects can be overcome by adding more substrate. This will flood the system.