Lipids Flashcards
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
They are hydrophobic
What monomers make up Triglycerides
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids?
What is the Triglyceride’s function?
Long term energy 2.5x more calories per gram than carbs.
What is the structure of glycerol?
3 carbon chain and each is attached to an OH
What is the structure of a fatty acid?
One carboxyl group attached to an OH
What is the structure of a saturated fatty acid?
It has no double bonds between carbons therefore they are straight chains, tightly together with saturated with hydrogens.
What is the structure of an unsaturated fatty acid?
The literal complete opposite of saturated fatty acids. They have double carbon bonds, they create kinks in the chain. Therefore because of this they don’t pack tightly together and they aren’t fully saturated w/hydrogen hence the name.
Where are all the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats located?
Hydrocarbon chain
What are the property differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated is solid at room temperature, it is from animal fat and contributes to health problems. Whereas unsaturated is liquid at room temperature, is from plants, and increases health.
What are the three common elements that make up lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen.
Four types of lipids.
Fats,
waxes, steroids and phospholipids.
What are four functions?
Repels water,
forms hormones and cell membrane,
and has long term energy storage.
What function do waxes have?
Repels water.
What function do steroids have?
Forms hormones
What function do phospholipids have?
It makes up the cell membrane, and creates different environment for the cell.
What is the structure for a phospholipid?
Phosphate head and fatty acid chain.
Properties of a phosphate head.
It is hydrophyllic, and p-group is attached to glycerol
What about the fatty acid chain?
Hydrophobic, repels water, and it can either be saturated or unsaturated.
What is the structure of a steroid?
4 fused rings.
3 examples of steroids.
Cholesterol, hormones, and vitamin D.
What is cholesterol
It is a steriod that increases transport by serperating phopholipids, but too much can lead to heart disease.
What is estrogen
It is a steroid that induces female sex characteristics
What about testosterone?
Steroid that induces male sex characteristics.
Lastly what is bile?
It is an emulsifier that helps mix fat w/water. It is made by the liver and stored by the gallbladder.
