Mitosis Flashcards
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two daughter cells and is essential for replenishing tissue.
What exactly are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokenesis.
What is the Prophase stage?
The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes then the Nuclear membrane disintegrates
What is the metaphase?
The chromosomes line up in the center and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
What is the Anaphase
The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and they move to opposite parts of the cell.
What is the Telophase?
After the CHROMATIDS are in opposite parts of the cell, the nuclear membrane reforms and the chromosomes decondense into chromatin.
What is cytokinesis
Final step, the cytoplasm divides and forms two daughter cells.
How does the step cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
In an animal cell the cleavage furrow forms to split the cells
Plant cells- the cell plate forms to split the cells
What is an allele?
Many versions of a specific gene
What be a centriole?
It be an organelle in animal cells and pwoduces spindle fibers
What’s a centromere?
It is a region of DNA that binds chromosomes together
What’s a chromatid
1/2 of a chromosome which is produced when DNA wraps around a protein.
What is a chromatin?
It is a material that makes up chromosomes
What’s a diploid?
It is a set of chromosomes in a cell.
What’s a haploid?
1/2 of homogenous chromosomes in a cell.
What be a gene?
It is the code of DNA the determines which protein will be synthesized.
What are homologous chromosomes?
They are the same genes but they have different alleles.
What are sisters?
They are identical chromosomes.
What are spindle fibers?
They are microtubules that are produced by centrosomes and pull sister CHROMATDDDDDDDS apart in mitosis.
Why do chromatin need to condense? (lab question).
They are less likely to break or tangle.
Why did the nuclear membrane disintigrate in the Prophase?
It allows better movement for chromosomes, centrioles and spindle fibers in the nucleus cytoplasm, so the metaphase can happen.
What are the four steps in the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2 and mitosis.
What is the interphase?
It is a phase in the cell cycle that prepares the cell for mitosis and replicates DNA.
what is the g1 and G2 phase?
Cells makes organelles, it increases in size, synthesizes proteins all in prep. for mitosis.
What is the S phase?
Chromosomes duplicated to form sister chromatids.
what about G0 phase?
Nothing happens, they rest, homeostasis, living life, livin’ the dream. NO DIVISION.
Why are cells small?
Cells need a large SA compared to their volume so materials can diffuse in and out faster. Since they get so large so cells divide to stop getting so large.
Why do cells divide?
They need to divide to keep a larger SA compared to its volume to absorb nutrients well, allow gas exchange and removal of waste.
What is asexual reproduction?
A single parent cell that that divides and offspring is genetically identical.
