Cell organelles Flashcards
Fun fact: MOMMY IS CUTE
Other names for cytoplasm.
Cytosol, ICF, Intracellular fluid.
What is Cytoplasm?
A viscous fluid made of water, minerals, organic molecules, and organelles.
Where is Cytoplasm located?
It is located between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.
What occurs in Cytoplasm.
Glycolysis occurs, which breaks sugar in half to release energy.
What is a ribosome?
It’s the site of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins using directions from DNA.
Found in prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
What are two types of ENDOPLAMIC RETICULUM?
Rough ER
Smooth ER
What is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
It holds ribosomes (synthesis proteins) on its outer membrane. It also sends enzymes and other proteins to Golgi.
why?
to produce lysosomes for Cell and to package them to final destinations.
What is SER?
It synthesizes and transports lipids and steroids to make cell membrane and organelles
What else does SER do?
It also detoxifies drugs and poisons.
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
It MSPT
modifies, packages (in vesicles), stores and tags proteins for release. (proteins from SER and RER)
What is mitochondria.
It’s the site of cell respiration.
What do lysosomes hold?
they holds digestive enzymes that break down old cell parts, nutrients and foreign substances (ONLY FOUND in ANIMAL l cells)
What is a cytoskeleton?
It is an arrangement of proteins ,Why?
to give the cell structure and support.
What is the cytoskeleton made of?
Proteins, microfilaments, and microtubules.
What are microfilaments?
They are long thin protein fibers that give a cell its shape and enables it to move. It also aids in cell division.
What are microtubules?
Hollow tubes of protein that move chromosomes, the cell and maintain cell shape.
What does the nucleus contains?
The nucleus contains genetic information, in the form of DNA that codes for biological functions. (only found in Eukaryotic Cells)
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
Nuclear membrane
What is the nuclear membrane?
It envelopes nucleoplasm that protects DNA.
What does DNA make?
DNA makes mRNA
Where do RNA travels to?
Travels to the Cytoplasm to make proteins.
What do proteins determine?
They determine an organisms characteristics.
What else does the nucleus contains.
It contains the nucleolus which makes ribosomes.
What happens after ribosomes are made?
They travel to the Cytoplasm and most attach themselves to rough ER.
What do centrioles do?
Pulls chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells.
What’s cilia
Numerous microtubules outside CELL MEMBRANES that function in the movement of
SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS or substances near a cell.
Flagella
Large, singular microtubule FOR the CELL MEMBRANE that moves the cell.
What is a cell wall?
Protective covering of plant cells, fungal cells, bacteria, and protists. PFBP
Where is a cell wall found?
Outside the cell membrane and allows most molecules to pass. (not in ANIMAL cells and made of cellulose)
What’s a vacuole?
Large storage sacs (stores water, nutrients and waste). Also aid structural support, by providing turgid pressure. (water pushing on cell membrane)
