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Biology > Cell organelles > Flashcards

Cell organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Other names for cytoplasm.

A

Cytosol, ICF, Intracellular fluid.

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2
Q

What is Cytoplasm?

A

A viscous fluid made of water, minerals, organic molecules, and organelles.

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3
Q

Where is Cytoplasm located?

A

It is located between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.

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4
Q

What occurs in Cytoplasm.

A

Glycolysis occurs, which breaks sugar in half to release energy.

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5
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

It’s the site of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins using directions from DNA.

Found in prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

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6
Q

What are two types of ENDOPLAMIC RETICULUM?

A

Rough ER
Smooth ER

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7
Q

What is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

It holds ribosomes (synthesis proteins) on its outer membrane. It also sends enzymes and other proteins to Golgi.
why?
to produce lysosomes for Cell and to package them to final destinations.

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8
Q

What is SER?

A

It synthesizes and transports lipids and steroids to make cell membrane and organelles

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9
Q

What else does SER do?

A

It also detoxifies drugs and poisons.

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10
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

It MSPT
modifies, packages (in vesicles), stores and tags proteins for release. (proteins from SER and RER)

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11
Q

What is mitochondria.

A

It’s the site of cell respiration.

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12
Q

What’s cell respiration?

A

It is uses O2 to break down sugar to release energy for the cell to use.

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13
Q

What do lysosomes hold?

A

they holds digestive enzymes that break down old cell parts, nutrients and foreign substances (ONLY FOUND in ANIMAL l cells)

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14
Q

What is a cytoskeleton?

A

It is an arrangement of proteins ,Why?
to give the cell structure and support.

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15
Q

What is the cytoskeleton made of?

A

Proteins, microfilaments, and microtubules.

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16
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

They are long thin protein fibers that give a cell its shape and enables it to move. It also aids in cell division.

17
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Hollow tubes of protein that move chromosomes, the cell and maintain cell shape.

18
Q

What does the nucleus contains?

A

The nucleus contains genetic information, in the form of DNA that codes for biological functions. (only found in Eukaryotic Cells)

19
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

Nuclear membrane

20
Q

What is the nuclear membrane?

A

It envelopes nucleoplasm that protects DNA.

21
Q

What does DNA make?

A

DNA makes mRNA

22
Q

Where do RNA travels to?

A

Travels to the Cytoplasm to make proteins.

23
Q

What do proteins determine?

A

They determine an organisms characteristics.

24
Q

What else does the nucleus contains.

A

It contains the nucleolus which makes ribosomes.

25
Q

What happens after ribosomes are made?

A

They travel to the Cytoplasm and most attach themselves to rough ER.

26
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

Pulls chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells.

27
Q

What’s cilia

A

Numerous microtubules outside CELL MEMBRANES that function in the movement of

SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS or substances near a cell.

28
Q

Flagella

A

Large, singular microtubule FOR the CELL MEMBRANE that moves the cell.

29
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

Protective covering of plant cells, fungal cells, bacteria, and protists. PPFB

30
Q

Where is a cell wall found?

A

Outside the cell membrane and allows most molecules to pass. (not in ANIMAL cells and made of cellulose)

31
Q

What’s a vacuole?

A

Large storage sacs (stores water, nutrients and waste). Also aid structural support, by providing turgid pressure. (water pushing on cell membrane)

32
Q

What’s a chloroplast?

A

Photosynthesis occurs when GREEN PIGMENT chlorophyll that absorbs light, makes glucose. (chloroplasts have own DNA). ONLY IN PLANT CELLS , BACTERIA, MANY PROTIST CELLS!.

33
Q

What’s a chromosome?

A

Carries genetic code which determine characteristics of organism.

Biology (13 decks)

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