Phase One: Week Ten

Question 1

What is the average intake of water, food and metabolism?

Answer 1

Food: 1000ml
Water: 1200ml
Metabolic: 300ml

Question 2

What is the average section of urine?

Answer 2

1500ml

Question 3

What is the average loss of insensible fluid?

Answer 3

700ml

Question 4

What is the correct order of structures entering the cell, anterior to posterior of vein, artery and pelvis?

Answer 4

Vein - Artery - Pelvis

Question 5

What is the characteristics of cortical nephrons?

Answer 5

These make up 85% of the number of nephrons and they have a short loop of Henle.

Question 6

What is the characteristics of juxtaglomerular nephrons?

Answer 6

These make up 15% of the number of nephrons and they have a long lope of Henle. They are more effective at water reabsorption and have the vasa recta.

Question 7

What type of nephron has the vasa recta?

Answer 7

Juxtaglomerular nephrons

Question 8

Where do renal arteries originate from the renal artery?

Answer 8

L1-L2

Question 9

What does high osmolality mean in comparison to water concentration?

Answer 9

High osmolality = low water concentration

Question 10

What three structures are in the glomerulus filtration barrier?

Answer 10

• Fenestrated endothelium
• Basement membrane
• Podocytes processes

Question 11

What is the significance of the negative basement membrane in the glomerular filtration membrane?

Answer 11

The BM is negative and this means the negative molecules can not pass through. Examples include proteins.

Question 12

How much filtrate is reabsorbed in the PCT?

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

Which channels absorb water in the PCT?

Answer 13

Aqua-Porin One

Question 14

What is the thin descending loop only permeable to?

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

What is the thick ascending loop only permeable to?

Answer 15

Solutes

Question 16

What type of transporter is present on the DCT?

Answer 16

NaCl

Question 17

How much filtrate is absorbed in the loop of Henle?

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

How much filtrate is absorbed in the DCT?

Answer 18

3%

Question 19

What is the function of principle cells in the collecting duct?

Answer 19

Secrete potassium and reabsorb sodium

Question 20

What is the function of intercalated cells present in the collecting duct?

Answer 20

Secrete hydrogen

Question 21

What cells in the collecting duct secrete hydrogen?

Answer 21

Intercalated cells

Question 22

What level are the kidneys located at?

Answer 22

T12-L3

Question 23

Explain the myogenic control of the kidney

Answer 23

When stretch receptors are activated, they cause smooth muslce depolarization and this causes the smooth muscle to undergo contraction. This allows the cells to resist the pressure and GFR decreases.

Question 24

Explain the tubuloglomerular control of the kidney

Answer 24

Macula dense cells will respond to high levels of sodium, choline and water. They will inhibit nitric oxide and this will decrease vasodilation, hence causing vasoconstriction.

Question 25

What is the pouch of Morrison?

Answer 25

Potential space between the right kidney and the liver

Question 26

What is the function of the vas deferens?

Answer 26

Connect the testes to the urethra