Phase One: Week Ten Flashcards
What is the average intake of water, food and metabolism?
Food: 1000ml
Water: 1200ml
Metabolic: 300ml
What is the average section of urine?
1500ml
What is the average loss of insensible fluid?
700ml
What is the correct order of structures entering the cell, anterior to posterior of vein, artery and pelvis?
Vein - Artery - Pelvis
What is the characteristics of cortical nephrons?
These make up 85% of the number of nephrons and they have a short loop of Henle.
What is the characteristics of juxtaglomerular nephrons?
These make up 15% of the number of nephrons and they have a long lope of Henle. They are more effective at water reabsorption and have the vasa recta.
What type of nephron has the vasa recta?
Juxtaglomerular nephrons
Where do renal arteries originate from the renal artery?
L1-L2
What does high osmolality mean in comparison to water concentration?
High osmolality = low water concentration
What three structures are in the glomerulus filtration barrier?
- Fenestrated endothelium
- Basement membrane
- Podocytes processes
What is the significance of the negative basement membrane in the glomerular filtration membrane?
The BM is negative and this means the negative molecules can not pass through. Examples include proteins.
How much filtrate is reabsorbed in the PCT?
70%
Which channels absorb water in the PCT?
Aqua-Porin One
What is the thin descending loop only permeable to?
Water
What is the thick ascending loop only permeable to?
Solutes
What type of transporter is present on the DCT?
NaCl
How much filtrate is absorbed in the loop of Henle?
25%
How much filtrate is absorbed in the DCT?
3%
What is the function of principle cells in the collecting duct?
Secrete potassium and reabsorb sodium
What is the function of intercalated cells present in the collecting duct?
Secrete hydrogen
What cells in the collecting duct secrete hydrogen?
Intercalated cells
What level are the kidneys located at?
T12-L3
Explain the myogenic control of the kidney
When stretch receptors are activated, they cause smooth muslce depolarization and this causes the smooth muscle to undergo contraction. This allows the cells to resist the pressure and GFR decreases.
Explain the tubuloglomerular control of the kidney
Macula dense cells will respond to high levels of sodium, choline and water. They will inhibit nitric oxide and this will decrease vasodilation, hence causing vasoconstriction.
What is the pouch of Morrison?
Potential space between the right kidney and the liver
What is the function of the vas deferens?
Connect the testes to the urethra
