Keeping People Healthy: Week Six Flashcards
What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete that begins puberty?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
What system does the hypothalamus secrete Gonadotropin-releasing hormone into?
Hypophyseal-portal system
What affect does the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone have on the pituitary?
Causes the anterior pituitary to secrete Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing stimulating hormone
What is the effect of LH on the male testes?
This works of Leydig cells to cause the production of testosterone from cholesterol
What is the effect of FSH on the male testes?
This causes Sertoli cells to produce more sperm
What is the effect of LH on the female system?
Theca cells of the ovary respond to LH by producing progesterone and androstenedione
What does the theca cells produce in response to LH?
Progesterone and androstenedione
What is the effect of FSH o the female system?
They granulose cells will convert androstenedione into oestrogen
What cell converts androstenedione into oestrogen?
Granulosa cells
What is the pituitary gland connected to the brain by?
Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
What is the function of the infundibulum?
Connects the pituitary with the brain
What negative feedback system does the FSH causes the Sertoli cells to make?
FSH will cause the Sertoli cells to produce Inhibin and this provides a negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to stop producing FSH
What negative feedback does LH create?
LH causes the ledge’s cells to produce testosterone and this causes the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus to have a negative feedback
What negative feedback system is present in females?
Progesterone and Oestrogen are secreted and they have a negative feedback system on the hypothalamus and pituitary
What is the condition where there is a low number of sex hormones?
Hypogonadism
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypogonadism?
Primary: high levels of LSH and FH
Secondary: low levels of LSH and FH
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A condition where there is XXY
What is Turner’s syndrome?
A female missing an X chromosome
Why is there an over-production of LH and FSH in primary hypogonadism?
There is no production of testosterone, oestrogen or progesterone and this means there is no negative feedback
Why is there an under-production of LH and FSH in secondary hypogonadism?
There is dysfunction in the hypothalamus or pituitary and hence no GnRH is released
What is Kallmann syndrome?
No production of GnRH
What type of hypogonadism does chronic illness, like cystic fibrosis or coeliac disease cause?
Secondary hypogonadism
When do boys start puberty?
Average: 12-16
When do girls start puberty?
Average: 10-14
