Keeping People Healthy: Week Six

Question 1

What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete that begins puberty?

Answer 1

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 2

What system does the hypothalamus secrete Gonadotropin-releasing hormone into?

Answer 2

Hypophyseal-portal system

Question 3

What affect does the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone have on the pituitary?

Answer 3

Causes the anterior pituitary to secrete Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing stimulating hormone

Question 4

What is the effect of LH on the male testes?

Answer 4

This works of Leydig cells to cause the production of testosterone from cholesterol

Question 5

What is the effect of FSH on the male testes?

Answer 5

This causes Sertoli cells to produce more sperm

Question 6

What is the effect of LH on the female system?

Answer 6

Theca cells of the ovary respond to LH by producing progesterone and androstenedione

Question 7

What does the theca cells produce in response to LH?

Answer 7

Progesterone and androstenedione

Question 8

What is the effect of FSH o the female system?

Answer 8

They granulose cells will convert androstenedione into oestrogen

Question 9

What cell converts androstenedione into oestrogen?

Answer 9

Granulosa cells

Question 10

What is the pituitary gland connected to the brain by?

Answer 10

Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)

Question 11

What is the function of the infundibulum?

Answer 11

Connects the pituitary with the brain

Question 12

What negative feedback system does the FSH causes the Sertoli cells to make?

Answer 12

FSH will cause the Sertoli cells to produce Inhibin and this provides a negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to stop producing FSH

Question 13

What negative feedback does LH create?

Answer 13

LH causes the ledge’s cells to produce testosterone and this causes the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus to have a negative feedback

Question 14

What negative feedback system is present in females?

Answer 14

Progesterone and Oestrogen are secreted and they have a negative feedback system on the hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 15

What is the condition where there is a low number of sex hormones?

Answer 15

Hypogonadism

Question 16

What is the difference between primary and secondary hypogonadism?

Answer 16

Primary: high levels of LSH and FH
Secondary: low levels of LSH and FH

Question 17

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

Answer 17

A condition where there is XXY

Question 18

What is Turner’s syndrome?

Answer 18

A female missing an X chromosome

Question 19

Why is there an over-production of LH and FSH in primary hypogonadism?

Answer 19

There is no production of testosterone, oestrogen or progesterone and this means there is no negative feedback

Question 20

Why is there an under-production of LH and FSH in secondary hypogonadism?

Answer 20

There is dysfunction in the hypothalamus or pituitary and hence no GnRH is released

Question 21

What is Kallmann syndrome?

Answer 21

No production of GnRH

Question 22

What type of hypogonadism does chronic illness, like cystic fibrosis or coeliac disease cause?

Answer 22

Secondary hypogonadism

Question 23

When do boys start puberty?

Answer 23

Average: 12-16

Question 24

When do girls start puberty?

Answer 24

Average: 10-14

Question 25

When is there delayed puberty in girls?

Answer 25

No breasts by 13 or breast with period by 15

Question 26

When is there delayed puberty in boys?

Answer 26

No testicular development by age 14

Question 27

Where is thyroid-stimulating hormone released?

Answer 27

Anterior pituitary

Question 28

Where is corticotrophin secreted and what is the effect?

Answer 28

This is secreted by the anterior pituitary and causes the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids (eg cortisol)

Question 29

Where is Growth hormones secreted?

Answer 29

Anterior pituitary

Question 30

What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 30

Oxytocin

ADH