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anat 316 > pharynx and larynx > Flashcards

pharynx and larynx Flashcards

1
Q

function of pharynx

A

shared passageway for air and food AND provides resonating chamber for speech sounds AND houses tonsils (for immunological functions)

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2
Q

what does the pharynx house?

A

the tonsils

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2
Q

where does the pharynx start?

A

the choanae

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3
Q

where does the pharynx end?

A

the 6th cervicle vertebrae

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4
Q

what is the anatomical relationship btw the pharynx and the larynx?

A

the pharynx is superior to the larynx

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5
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx (superior), oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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6
Q

what are the borders of the nasopharynx?

A

superior: choanae
posterior: vertebral bodies
anterior/inferior: soft palate and oropharynx

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7
Q

what are some key features of the nasopharynx?

A

it has respiratory function! It has a soft palate, openings to the eustachian tube, and houses the adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil)

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8
Q

what does the soft palate form?

A

the posterior roof of the mouth

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9
Q

what is the extension off the soft palate called?

A

the uvula

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10
Q

what is the function of the soft palate?

A

swallowing - it contracts to close the nasopharynx when swallowing

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10
Q

what is the function of the eustachian tube?

A

to allow air to equalize pressure btw the nasopharnx and the middle ear

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11
Q

what is the eustachian tube?

A

a narrow passage btw the nasopharynx and the middle ear

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12
Q

what is the adenoid?

A

the adenoid, or the pharyngeal tonsil, is a patch of lymphoid tissue on the superior posterior wall that typically atrophies and shrinks by adulthood. It has signiciant immune function in kids

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13
Q

what is the superior border of the oropharynx?

A

nasopharynx

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13
Q

what is the inferior border of the oropharynx

A

laryngopharynx

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14
Q

what is the posterior border of the oropharynx?

A

the vertebral bodies

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15
Q

what is the anterior border of the oropharynx?

A

fauces (throat)/oral cavity

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16
Q

what is the function of the oropharynx

A

respitatory and digestive functions

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17
Q

what are some key features of the oropharynx

A

palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

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18
Q

what is the posterior border of the laryngopharynx?

A

vertebral bodies

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19
Q

is the superior border of the laryngopharynx?

A

oropharynx

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20
Q

what is the inferior border of the laryngopharynx?

A

larynx and esophagus

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20
Q

what are the functions of the laryngopharynx?

A

respiratory and digestive functions

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21
Q

what are the key features of the laryngopharynx?

A

laryngeal inlet and the piriform fossae

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22
Q

what is the laryngeal inlet?

A

the entrance to the larynx

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23
Q

what is the piriform fossa

A

grooves on either side of the laryngeal inlet

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24
Q

what kind of epithelium does the nasopharynx have?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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25
Q

what kind of epithelium does the oropharynx have?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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26
Q

what kind of epithelium does the laryngopharynx have?

A

nonleratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

what are the outer pharyngeal muscles?

A

superior constrictor, middle constrictor, and the inferior constrictor

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28
Q

how many superior constrictor muscles are there?

A

4

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29
Q

how many middle constrictor muscles are there?

A

2

30
Q

how many inferior constrictor muscles are there?

A

2

30
Q

what is the function of the superior constrictor?

A

constricts the upper portion of the pharynx to faciliate swallowing

31
Q

where is the superior constrictor located?

A

around the oropharynx

31
Q

where is the middle constrictor located?

A

around the laryngopharynx

32
Q

where is the inferior constrictor located?

A

around the laryngopharynx

32
Q

what is the function of the middle constrictor?

A

to contrict the middl portion of the pharynx to faciliate swallowing

33
Q

what is the function of the inferior constrictor

A

to constrict the lower portion of the pharynx to faciliate swallowing AND to form the upper esophageal sphincter

34
Q

where does the superior constrictor attach?

A

the occipital bone and the pharyngeal raphe

35
Q

where does the middle constrictor attach?

A

the pharyngeal raphe

35
Q

where does the inferior constrictor attach

A

the pharyngeal raphe

36
Q

what is the sensory innervation behind the constrictor muscles

A

the glossopharyngeal nberve

36
Q

what is the motor innervation behind the constrictor msucles

A

the vagus nerve

37
Q

what does the larynx do?

A

the larynx connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea, acts as a valve who functions to close the trachea, and is in charge of voice production

37
Q

what types of cartilage makes up the larynx

A

the epiglottis, the thyroid cartilage, the arytenoid cartialge, and the cricoid cartilage

38
Q

what portions of the larynx does thyroid cartilage form?

A

the upper and anterior walls of the larynx

39
Q

what is thyroid cartilage made up of?

A

two fused plates of hyaline cartilage

40
Q

what is the function of thyroid cartilage

A

to protect and support the vocal cords

41
Q

what is the epiglottis covered with?

A

epithelium

42
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis?

A

to close off the larynx during swallowing

42
Q

what does the cricoid cartilage do?

A

forms the inferior wall of the larynx and maintains airway opening

43
Q

what kind of cartilage is cricoid cartilage

A

hyaline cartialge

44
Q

what is the function of arytenoid cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilage are triangular pieces that sit on cricoid cartilage and influence` movement of vocal folds

45
Q

what does extrinsic laryngeal ligaments do?

A

attach larynx to external structures

45
Q

what is the function of laryngeal ligaments

A

to support the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx

46
Q

what does intrinsic laryngeal ligaments do?

A

attach cartilages of the larynx together

47
Q

what are extrinsic larynegal ligaments made out of?

A

thyrohyoid membrane (medial and lateral thyrohyoid ligaments) and cricotracheal ligament

47
Q

what are instrinsic laryngeal ligaments made out of?

A

cricothyroid ligament

48
Q

what does the thyrohyoid membrane do

A

connects thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

48
Q

what does the cricotracheal ligament do?

A

connects cricoid cartilage to the trachea

49
Q

what does the cricothyroid ligament do?

A

connects cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

50
Q

which vocal folds are false vocal cords

A

the superior ventricular folds of the mucous membrane of the larynx

51
Q

what is the function of false vocal cords?

A

to protect the vocal folds

52
Q

which vocal folds are true vocal folds

A

the inferior vocal folds of the mucous membrane of the larynx

53
Q

what is the function of true vocal cords?

A

voice production

54
Q

which four structures make up the cavity of the larynx?

A

the vestibule, the glottis, the rima glottidis, and the infraglottic cavity

55
Q

where does the vestibule of the larynx span from?

A

from the inlet to the vestibular folds

56
Q

where does the glottis of the larynx span from?

A

from the false vocal cords to the true vocal cords`

57
Q

what is the rima glottidis

A

the gap btw the vocal folds

58
Q

where is the infraglottic cavity

A

below the vocal folds

59
Q

what do the instrinsic laryngeal muscles do?

A

control shape of rima glottidis and control length and tension of vocal folds

59
Q

what are the 6 laryngeal muscles?

A

the cricothyroid, the thyroarytenoid, the post + lat cricoarytenoid, and the tranverse + oblique arytenoid

60
Q

what is the function of the cricothyroid?

A

to stretch and tense the vocal ligament- this alters tone of voice

60
Q

what is the function of the thyroarytenoid?

A

to relax the vocal ligament

61
Q

what is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

to widen to rima glottidis - functions as the sole abductor of the vocal folds

62
Q

what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

to narrow the rima glottidis - functions as a major adductor of the vocal folds

63
Q

what is the function of the transverse and oblique arytenoid

A

to adduct the arytenoid cartilage and to narrow the rima glottidis to modulate tone/volume of speech

64
Q
A
64
Q

how does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate the larynx

A

by giving sensory (via internal branch) innervation above the vocal cords and motor (via external branch) innervation to the cricothyroid muscle

anat 316 (22 decks)

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