Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What are the anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall?
External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Transverse Abdominis
What are the anterior muscles of the abdominal wall?
Rectus Abdominis and Rectus Sheath
Which muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is the most superficial?
External Oblique
What muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is the deepest?
Transversus Abdominus
What is the origin of the external oblique?
Ribs 5-12
What is the insertion of the external oblique?
iliac crest and pubis
What is the action of the external oblique?
Unilaterally - contralateral rotation of the trunk (to opposite side)
Bilaterally - flexion of the trunk
What is the origin of the internal oblique?
Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
What is the insertion of the internal oblique?
Ribs 10-12
What is the action of the internal oblique?
Unilaterally - same side rotation
Bilaterally - abdominal compression
What is the origin of the transversus abdominus
inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal margin
What is the insertion of the transversus abdominus
Linea alba, pubis symphysis, xiphoid process
What is the action of the transverses abdominus
flexion and rotation of the trunk
What is the origin of the rectus abdominus?
pubic bone
what is the insertion of the rectus abdominus
xiphoid process and anterior side of ribs 5-7
what are the actions of the rectus abdominus
trunk flexion and pelvic stability
What is the rectus sheath made up?
The aponeurosis of the internal oblique, external oblique, and transverse abdominus - it covers the rectus abdominus both anteriorly and posteriorly. What is is made up of depends on where it is with regards to the arcuate line
What is the anterior rectus sheath made up of above the arcuate line?
External oblique aponeurosis and 1/2 of the internal oblique aponeurosis
What is the posterior rectus sheath made up of above the arcuate line?
1/2 of the internal oblique aponeurosis and the transverse abdominus aponeurosis
what is the anterior rectus sheath made up of below the acuate line?
Transversus abdominus aponeurosis, external oblique aponeurosis, internal oblique aponeurosis
What is the posterior rectus seath made up of below the arcuate line
The tranversalis fascia - it is in direct contact with the rectus abdominus
What are the four muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
Quadratus Lumborum, Iliacus, Psoas major, and Psoas minor
Where does the iliacus originate from?
iliac fossa
Where does the iliacus insert?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
What are the actions of the iliacus?
Flexion and external rotation of the hip
What is the origin of the Psoas major
T12 to L5
What is the insertion of the Psoas major?
Lesser Trochanter of the femur
What are the actions of the Psoas major?
flexion of the hip
What is the origin of the Psoas minor?
Lateral aspect of T12 and L1
What is the insertion of the Psoas minor?
iliopectineal line of the pelvis
What action does the Psoas minor do?
lateral trunk flexion
Where does th quadratus lumborum originate?
iliac crest
Where does the quadratus lumborum insert
transverse process of L1-L5 and rib 12
What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum?
Bilaterally - extension of the trunk
Unilaterally - lateral flexion of the trunk
Where is the inguinal region?
To both the left and right of the hypogatric region (below the belly button)
What are the key structures of the inguinal region?
the inguinal ligament and the inguinal canal
where does the inguinal ligament attach?
ASIS and top of the pubis
what are the 2 functions of the inguinal ligament
anchors ab muscles, supports soft tissues of the groin
Where is the inguinal canal located?
Lower anterior abdominal wall, extending from the deep inguinal ring to the superfiical inguinal ring
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
an opening in the external oblique aponeurosis
What is the deep inguinal ring
eversion in the transversalis fascia
What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
the external oblique aponeurosisW
What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
transversalis fascia
What is the inferior wall of the inguinal canal?
inguinal ligament
What is the superior wall of the inguinal canal?
fibers of transversus abdomini and internal oblique
In MALES what does the inguinal canal contain?
Spermatic Cord
Gonadal vessels (ie testicular a. and v.)
Ilioinguinal nerve
Lymphatics
in FEMALES what does the inguinal canal contain?
round ligament of the uterus, ilioinguinal nerve, lymphatics
In males and females what does the inguinal canal have?
ilioinguinal nerve and lymphatics
What do males have in their inguinal canal that females don’t have?
Gonadal vessels and a spermatic cord
What do females have in their inguinal canal that males don’t have
round ligament of the uterus
How are dematomes innervated?
Cutaneous innervation (innervation from a single nerve)
What nerves give motor innervation to abdominal muscles?
Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)
Subcostal nerves (T12)
Lumbar plexus (L1) 0 iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve
Where is the lumbar plexus?
posterior abdominal wall
What nerves are involved in the lumbar plexus
L1 to L4
The iliohypgastric nerve is supplied by which spinal nerve?
L1
The ilioinguinal nerve is innervated by which spinal nerve?
L1
What does superficial lymph drainage drain?
cutaneous (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) and subcutaneous strucures (deepest layer of skin)
What drains lympth above the umbilicus
axillary nodes
What drains lympth below the umbilicus
superficial inguinal ndoes
What drains deep drainage below the umbilicus?
superficial inguinal nodes (into) deep inguinal nodes (into), common liaiac nodes, (into), lumbar nodes
How does lympth return to venous circulation from below the umbilicus in the abdomian region
Cisterna Chyli into axillary nodes (if on left side) into thoracic duct
How does lympth return to venous circulation from above the umbilicus in the right abdomen region
axillary nodes (on the right side) to the right lympahtic duct
