Abdominopelvic viscera Flashcards
What is the purpose of the spleen?
filtration of redblood cells to remove old larger deformed cells and prevention of infection
Is the spleen intra or retro peritoneal?
intraperitoneal
Where is the spleen?
left upper quadrant of the abdomen, btw ribs 9-11 at midaxillary line
What is below the spleen?
the large intestine and the kidney
What is medial to the spleen?
the stomach
What are the 4 surfaces of the spleen?
posterior - diaphragmatic area
superior - gastric area
anterior - colic area
inferior - renal
what supplies blood to the spleen?
splenic artery
what does the splenic artery look like?
curly
What drains the spleen?
the splenic vein
What does the splenic vein look like?
it is straight
what is the superior area of the spleen?
the gastric area
what is the inferior area of the spleen?
renal area
What is the anterior area of the spleen
the colic area
what is the splenogastric ligament
ligament that connects gastric area of spleen to stomach
what is the splenorenal ligament
ligament that connects renal area to the left kidney
What is the hilum of the spleen?
area that contains the splenogastric ligament, the splenorenal ligament, and has a pocket for the tail of the pancreas
What are the kidneys?
retroperitoneal organs that produce urine
What is the function of the kidneys?
urine production, regulation of blood ion composition, regulation of blood pH, regulation of blood volume and pressure, production of hormones, regulation of blood glucose, excretion of wastes and foreign substances
What are the four protective coverings of the kidney?
perirenal fat, renal capsule, renal fascia, and pararenal fat
What does perirenal fat do?
protects kidney from trauma, holds kidney in place
what does the renal capsule do?
fibrous capsule made out of connective tissue that surroudns superficial kidney
what does renal fascia do?
anchors kidney to surrounding structures and abdominal wall
What does pararenal fat do?
most superficial layer of fat, thinner than perirenal fat
what is the blood supply to the kidney
renal artery
where does the renal artery stem from
abdominal aorta
What drains the kidneys?
renal veins
where do renal veins drain into?
IVC
which renal artery is longer - right or left?
right renal artery
Which renal vein is longer?
left renal vein
why is left renal vein longer?
because it drains into IVC and the IVC is on the right side
Why is the right renal artery longer?
because blood from the abdominal aorta flows into it and the abdominal aorta is on the left side
where is the hilum of the kidney
on the medial kidney
What does the hilum of the kidney contain?
renal artery, renal vein, and ureter
the ureter connects ___ to ____
the kidney to the urinary bladder
What are the 2 main components of the kidney?
the cortex and the medulla
What is the cortex of the kidney
the outer component of the kidney and the main filtering area of the kidney
What is the medulla of the kidney
many column and tubes of the kidney - urine production begins here
what is the renal papilla?
the apex of the renal pyramid
What do minor calyx do?
they act as tubes that gather urine from renal pyramids and form major calyx so urine flows to the ureter
what is the pathway of urine from the renal pyramid to the ureter?
renal pyramid
renal papilla
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
what are adrenal glands?
also known as suprarenal glands, they are endocrine organs that produce hormones
where are adrenal glands locacted?
directly superior to kidneys
what kind of organs are adrenal glands?
retroperitoneal
What is the function of the adrenal gland?
produce adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone
what are the 3 inner layers of the cortex
zona glomerulosa (most superficial), zona fasciculate, zona reticularis
what does the zona glomerulosa form?
minerala corticoid
What does the zona fasciculate do?
secrete glucose corticoids (ie cortisol)
what does the zona reticularis do?
synthesize weak anthrogens
what supplies blood to the adrenal gland?
superior suprarenal arteries, middle suprarenal arteries, and inferior suprarenal artery
where does the superior suprarenal artery come from?
inferior phrenic artery (coming off abdominal aorta)
where does the middle suprarenal artery come from?
abdominal aorta
where does the inferior suprarenal artery come from
the renal artery (this comes off the abdominal aorta)
where does the right suprarenal vein drain into?
the IVC
Where does the left suprarenal vein drain into?
left renal vein and then into IVC
