Accessory Digestive Organs Flashcards
What are the four accessory digestive organs?
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands
What do the accessory digestive organs do?
produce, store, and secrete digestive enzymes and buffers
What are the 3 functions of the liver?
metabolic, hematological, and digestive
What is the metabolic function of the liver?
liver cells regulate circulating levels of nutrients and remove metabolic wastes and toxins
What is the hematological function of the liver?
to act as a blood reservoir filtering circulating debris
What is the digestive function of the lier
synthesize and secrete bile
where is the liver located?
the liver is located in the right upper abdomen, below the diaphragm, above and lateral to the stomach/right kidney/intestines
what are the 2 surfaces of the liver?
diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces
where is the diaphragmaic surface of the liver
on the top and front of liver, it smoothly follows the curve of the diaphragm and the body wall
What is the bare area of the liver?
on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver, this is the portion of the liver in direct contact with the diaphragm with no visceral peritoneum
where is the visceral surface of the liver
on the posterior and bottom surface of the liver, it has impressions from the stomach (gastric), small intestine (duodenum), kidney (renal and suprarenal), and large intestine (colic)
What are the four lobes of the liver?
right love, left lobe, quadrate lobe, and caudate lobe
Which lobe of the liver is the most superior?
caudate
which lobe of the liver is the largest?
The right lobe
What are the ligaments of the liver made up of?
double folds of the peritoneum
What does the falciform ligament do?
attaches the liver to the anterior body wall and divides liver into right and left lobes
What divides the liver into right and left lobes?
falciform ligament
Which ligament suspends the liver from the diaphragm?
coronary ligament
Where are the right and left triangular ligaments
On the superior aspect of the liver, toward lateral body wall
What is the round ligament?
Thickening of the inferior margin of the falciform ligament, it is an embryological remnant of umbilical vein
Where is the round ligament
inferior aspect of the liver
Where is the coronary ligament?
superior aspect of the liver
Where is the right triangular ligament?
Superior aspect of the liver
Where is the left traingular ligament?
Superior aspect of the liver
Where is bile stored?
gallbladder
What does the gallbladder do?
store and concentrate bile produced by the liver
What does bile do?
helps in digestion of dietary lipids through emulsification
Where is the gallbladder?
On top of the right visceral surface of the liver, lateral to the stomach. It is closely related to the duodenum
What is the cystic duct
a tube that carries bile from the gall bladder to the common bile duct
What is the common bile duct?
A tube that is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct
What is the infundibulum o the gallblader
portion of gallbladder that connects the neck of the gull bladder to the cystic duct
what is the fundus of the gallbladder
rounded base of the gallbladder
Where does the common bile duct empty into?
the duodenum
What two ducts combine to form the common hepatic duct?
The R and L hepatic ducts
What is the arterial supply of the gallbladder?
cystic artery
What is the cystic artery a branch of?
proper hepatic artery
What is the proper hepatic artery a branch of?
Common hepatic artery
What is the common hepatic artery a branch of?
celiac trunk
What is the celiac trunk a branch of?
abdominal aorta (at about the T12 vertebral level)
What drains the gallbladder
the cystic vein into the hepatic portal vein
What is the porta hepatis?
AKA hilium of the liver, region that has hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and common hepatic duct
What is the path of the hepatic artery proper?
abdominal aorta to the celiac trunk to the common hepatic artery, to the hepatic artery proper
What two veins come together to make the hepatic portal vein?
the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein
Where do the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein combine to form the hepatic portal vein
behind the panccreas
Where does the hepatic portal vein carry blood from?
small and large intestine, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen
What is a portal system?
a connection btw two capillary beds
Where does nutrient rich blood from the stomach and intestine travel to?
the liver for processing
what are the functional units at the liver?
lobules
What are lobules?
functional units at the liver
what is at the centre of each lobule?
central vein
Where is the portal traid?
at the corner of the liver lobules
What does the portal traid contain?
a small branch of the hepatic portal vein, a small branch of the hepatic artery proper, and a bile duct
What happens as blood flows towards the centre vein?
liver cells absorb and secrete substances - altering the blood entering systemic circulation
What do the central veins drain into
hepatic veins
Where does blood go from the hepatic vein?
inferior vena cava
What forms the common hepatic duct?
Left and right hepatic duct of the liver
bile canaliculi
small projections in the liver that carry bile to the bile duct of the closest portal area
What does the hepatic artery proper do?
deliver oxygenated blood to the liver
What does the hepatic portal vein do?
carry deoxygenateed but nutrient rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver
What does the common hepatic duct do?
carry the bile produced by the liver away to the gallbladder
how does bile enter the gallbladder from the liver?
common hepatic duct
bile goes through the cystic duct to enter
the duodenum (via the common bile duct)
the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct combine to form the
common bile duct
what is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
produce digestive enzymes and alkaline buffers to neutralize acidic chyme and act as a duct system within the pancreas to carry fluid of the duodenum
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
to produce hormones like insulin
What is endocrine
when substances are secreted directly into intersitial fluid and blood
What is exocrine
when substances are secreted into a duct system THEN to an epithelial surface
Where is the pancreas located?
posterior to the stomach
Where is the head of the pancreas?
nestled into the curve of the duodenum
Where does the pancreas extend toward
left - towards the spleen
Where is the pancreas with regards to the liver
the pancreas is under the liver
What is the arterial supply of the pancreas
branches of the splenic artery and the pancreasticoduodenal artery
What is the venous drainage of the pancreas
splenic vein
How does fluid from the gall bladder and the pancreas enter the duodenumm
through the papilla
Where does the acccessory pancreatic duct drain into?
the minor duodenal pailia
Where does the pancreatic duct drain into
the major duodenal pailla
