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anat 316 > Accessory Digestive Organs > Flashcards

Accessory Digestive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four accessory digestive organs?

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands

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2
Q

What do the accessory digestive organs do?

A

produce, store, and secrete digestive enzymes and buffers

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3
Q

What are the 3 functions of the liver?

A

metabolic, hematological, and digestive

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4
Q

What is the metabolic function of the liver?

A

liver cells regulate circulating levels of nutrients and remove metabolic wastes and toxins

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5
Q

What is the hematological function of the liver?

A

to act as a blood reservoir filtering circulating debris

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6
Q

What is the digestive function of the lier

A

synthesize and secrete bile

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7
Q

where is the liver located?

A

the liver is located in the right upper abdomen, below the diaphragm, above and lateral to the stomach/right kidney/intestines

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8
Q

what are the 2 surfaces of the liver?

A

diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces

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9
Q

where is the diaphragmaic surface of the liver

A

on the top and front of liver, it smoothly follows the curve of the diaphragm and the body wall

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10
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver, this is the portion of the liver in direct contact with the diaphragm with no visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

where is the visceral surface of the liver

A

on the posterior and bottom surface of the liver, it has impressions from the stomach (gastric), small intestine (duodenum), kidney (renal and suprarenal), and large intestine (colic)

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12
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver?

A

right love, left lobe, quadrate lobe, and caudate lobe

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13
Q

Which lobe of the liver is the most superior?

A

caudate

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14
Q

which lobe of the liver is the largest?

A

The right lobe

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15
Q

What are the ligaments of the liver made up of?

A

double folds of the peritoneum

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16
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A

attaches the liver to the anterior body wall and divides liver into right and left lobes

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17
Q

What divides the liver into right and left lobes?

A

falciform ligament

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18
Q

Which ligament suspends the liver from the diaphragm?

A

coronary ligament

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19
Q

Where are the right and left triangular ligaments

A

On the superior aspect of the liver, toward lateral body wall

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20
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

Thickening of the inferior margin of the falciform ligament, it is an embryological remnant of umbilical vein

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21
Q

Where is the round ligament

A

inferior aspect of the liver

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22
Q

Where is the coronary ligament?

A

superior aspect of the liver

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23
Q

Where is the right triangular ligament?

A

Superior aspect of the liver

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24
Q

Where is the left traingular ligament?

A

Superior aspect of the liver

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25
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

gallbladder

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26
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

store and concentrate bile produced by the liver

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27
Q

What does bile do?

A

helps in digestion of dietary lipids through emulsification

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28
Q

Where is the gallbladder?

A

On top of the right visceral surface of the liver, lateral to the stomach. It is closely related to the duodenum

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29
Q

What is the cystic duct

A

a tube that carries bile from the gall bladder to the common bile duct

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30
Q

What is the common bile duct?

A

A tube that is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct

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31
Q

What is the infundibulum o the gallblader

A

portion of gallbladder that connects the neck of the gull bladder to the cystic duct

32
Q

what is the fundus of the gallbladder

A

rounded base of the gallbladder

33
Q

Where does the common bile duct empty into?

A

the duodenum

34
Q

What two ducts combine to form the common hepatic duct?

A

The R and L hepatic ducts

35
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gallbladder?

A

cystic artery

36
Q

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

A

proper hepatic artery

37
Q

What is the proper hepatic artery a branch of?

A

Common hepatic artery

38
Q

What is the common hepatic artery a branch of?

A

celiac trunk

39
Q

What is the celiac trunk a branch of?

A

abdominal aorta (at about the T12 vertebral level)

40
Q

What drains the gallbladder

A

the cystic vein into the hepatic portal vein

41
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

AKA hilium of the liver, region that has hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and common hepatic duct

42
Q

What is the path of the hepatic artery proper?

A

abdominal aorta to the celiac trunk to the common hepatic artery, to the hepatic artery proper

43
Q

What two veins come together to make the hepatic portal vein?

A

the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein

44
Q

Where do the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein combine to form the hepatic portal vein

A

behind the panccreas

45
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein carry blood from?

A

small and large intestine, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen

46
Q

What is a portal system?

A

a connection btw two capillary beds

47
Q

Where does nutrient rich blood from the stomach and intestine travel to?

A

the liver for processing

48
Q

what are the functional units at the liver?

A

lobules

49
Q

What are lobules?

A

functional units at the liver

50
Q

what is at the centre of each lobule?

A

central vein

51
Q

Where is the portal traid?

A

at the corner of the liver lobules

52
Q

What does the portal traid contain?

A

a small branch of the hepatic portal vein, a small branch of the hepatic artery proper, and a bile duct

53
Q

What happens as blood flows towards the centre vein?

A

liver cells absorb and secrete substances - altering the blood entering systemic circulation

54
Q

What do the central veins drain into

A

hepatic veins

55
Q

Where does blood go from the hepatic vein?

A

inferior vena cava

56
Q

What forms the common hepatic duct?

A

Left and right hepatic duct of the liver

57
Q

bile canaliculi

A

small projections in the liver that carry bile to the bile duct of the closest portal area

58
Q

What does the hepatic artery proper do?

A

deliver oxygenated blood to the liver

59
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

A

carry deoxygenateed but nutrient rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver

60
Q

What does the common hepatic duct do?

A

carry the bile produced by the liver away to the gallbladder

61
Q

how does bile enter the gallbladder from the liver?

A

common hepatic duct

62
Q

bile goes through the cystic duct to enter

A

the duodenum (via the common bile duct)

63
Q

the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct combine to form the

A

common bile duct

64
Q

what is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

produce digestive enzymes and alkaline buffers to neutralize acidic chyme and act as a duct system within the pancreas to carry fluid of the duodenum

65
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

to produce hormones like insulin

65
Q

What is endocrine

A

when substances are secreted directly into intersitial fluid and blood

65
Q

What is exocrine

A

when substances are secreted into a duct system THEN to an epithelial surface

66
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

posterior to the stomach

67
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas?

A

nestled into the curve of the duodenum

68
Q

Where does the pancreas extend toward

A

left - towards the spleen

69
Q

Where is the pancreas with regards to the liver

A

the pancreas is under the liver

70
Q

What is the arterial supply of the pancreas

A

branches of the splenic artery and the pancreasticoduodenal artery

71
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas

A

splenic vein

72
Q

How does fluid from the gall bladder and the pancreas enter the duodenumm

A

through the papilla

73
Q

Where does the acccessory pancreatic duct drain into?

A

the minor duodenal pailia

74
Q

Where does the pancreatic duct drain into

A

the major duodenal pailla

anat 316 (22 decks)

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