Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
what is the pelvic girdle composed of?
sacrum, innominate bones, coccyx
what are the 3 bones fused together to make the innominate bone
ilim, ischium, and pubis
What are the 6 features of the innominate bone
Auricular surface, iliopectineal line, ischial tuberosity, symphyseal surface, ischial spine, oburator foramen
A
S
IT
IS
OF
IL
(as it is of il)
Auricular surface, symphyseal surface, ischial tuberosity, ischial spine, oburator foramen, iliopectineal line
Where is ischial spine on the innominate bone
posterior aspect
What is the sacral promontory
superior anterior ridge of sacrum
What are the sacral ala
“sacral wings”
Below the sacral promontory , below superior aspect of sacrum but above sacral foramina
What are the holes in the sacrum called?
anterior sacral foramina
what is the smooth area on the lateral sacrum that articulates with the ilium to make the sacroiliac joint called?
auricular surface of the sacrum
What are the sacroiliac joints btw
the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the ilium
what is the symphysis pubis joint between?
symphyseal surfaces of left and right pubis
what is the posterior border of the pelvic inlet
sacral promontory
What is the posterior border of the pelvic outlet
coccyx
what are the anterior borders of the pelvis inlet?
symphysis pubis
what are the lateral posterior border of the pelvic inlet
sacral ala
what are the lateral anterior borders of the pelvic inlet
ileopectineal line
what is the lateral border of the pelvic OUTlet
ischial tuberosities
What is the anterior border of the pelvic outlet
symphysis pubis
where is the false pelvis?
superior to the pelvic inlet
where is the true pelvis
space between the pelvis inlet and outlet
what are the 2 different ways we can tell apart the male and female pelvis?
- subpubic angle (wider in females)
- Interspinous difference - distance btw ischial spines (larger in females)
what is the interspinous difference?
the distance btw the lateral borders of the pelvic inlet/ischial spines
Which pelvis is located btw the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
true pelvis
which pelvis contains pelvic viscera
true pelvis
what is the funciton of the pelvis diaphragm
support pelvic viscera
what marks inferior aspect of pelvic cavity
pelvic diaphragm
What are the 2 features of the pelvic diaphragm
urogenital hiatus and anal aperture
Which hiatus of the pelvic diaphragm is more anterior
urogenital hiatus
What 2 muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani group and coccygeus
how many muscles in the levator ani group?
3
Which muscle in the pelvic inlet makes up the urogenital hiatus and anal aperture
levator ani group
which 3 muscles make up the levator ani
puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus
which muscle of the levator ani group is more anterior
puborectalis
which muscle of the pelvic diaphragm is the most posterior
ischiocyccgeus
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both - vas deferens
male
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both seminal vesicles
male
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both ejaculatory ducts
male
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both prostate gland
male
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both bladder
both
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both ureters
both
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both sigmoid colon
both
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both rectum
both
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both uterus
female
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both uterine tubes
female
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both ovaries
female
Is the following pelvic viscera male, female, or both vagina
female
spacially what is the uterus relationship to the vagine
the uterus is superior to the vagina
spacially what is the uterine tube to the uterus
the uterine tube is superiro to the uterus
spacially what is the uterine tube to the ovary
the ovary is superior to the uterine tube
what is the broad ligament
peritoneal covering for the female pelvis viscera, composed of double folds of the peritoneum with the mesometrium, mesovarium, and mesosalpinx
what does the mesometrium cover
the uterus and the bladder
what does the mesvarium do
suspends ovaries from uterine tubes
what does mesosalpinx do
surrounds uterine tubes and drapes posteriorly
what is the uterosacral ligament?
connects uterus to sacrum, suspends uterus in place
what are the cardinal ligaments?
ligaments that span out laterally from uterus attaching the uterus to the sides of the pelvic cavity
what is the pelvic inlet
marks the end of the abdominal cavity - hole in pelvis when looking superiorly
what is the pelvic outlet
bottom of the pelvic cavity, hole in pelvis when looking inferiorly
what is the round ligament of the pelvis
ligament that travels through the inguinal canal
what is the isthmus
tissue that connects the fallopian tubes to the uterus
what is the ampulla
widening of fallopian tubes
what are the fimbriae
finger like attachments at the end of the fallopian tubes that scoops up eggs from the ovaris
what is the infundibulum of the uterus
where the uterine tube begins just after the ovary
what are the functions of the ovaries
to produce ova and to secrete estrogen and progesterone
mesovarium function
suspends ovary from the uterine tube
what does the suspensory ligament of the ovary do?
attaches each ovary to the pelvic side wall
What do the ovarian ligaments do
connect each ovary to the side of the uterus
ovaries are ____ (relational) to the uterus
ovaries are superior to the uterus
where does the vagina begin?
at the external os of the cervix
what does the protrusion of the cervix create?
fornixes
What is the relationship of the vagina to the bladder
the vagina is posterior to the bladder
what is the relational relationship of the seminal vesicles to the prostate gland?
the seminal vesicles are superior to the prostate gland
What is the relationship of the seminal vesicles to the ejaculatory ducts
the seminal vesicles are superior to the ejaculatory ducts
what is the relationship of the ductus deferens to the prostate gland
the ductus deferens are superior to the prostate gland
what is the relationship of the bladder to the ductus deferens
the ductus deferens is inferior to the bladder
What is the relationship between the bladder and the prostate gland?
the bladder is superior to the prostate gland
what is the relationship btw the cervix and the bladder
the bladder is anterior and inferior to the cervix
where are the seminal vesicles in relation to the bladder
the seminal vesicles are on the posterior surface of the bladder
What is the relationship btw the seminal vesicles and the ductus deferens
the seminal vesicles are lateral to the ductus deferns
what is the function of the seminal vesicles?
to store and produce fluid that makes up the majority of semen q
What forms the ejaculatory ducts?
the seminal vesicles and ductus deferens
where supplies the ejaculatory ducts?
the prostate gland
what is the prostatic utricle
a structure that contracts to widen the openings of the ejaculatory ducts
what is the relationship of the sigmoid colon to the bladder
the sigmoid colon is superior to the bladder
what is the relationship of the rectum to the bladder
the rectum is posterior to the bladder
what is the relationship of the sigmoid colon to the rectum?
the sigmoid colon is superior to the rectum
what portion of the colon is the sigmoid colon
the distal end of the colon
how is the rectum related to the anal canal
the rectum is continous with the anal canal
What are the flexures of the rectum
sacral flexure and anorectal flexure
how many folds does the rectum have?
3 transverse folds
what is the path of the ureters once they leave to the kidneys (renal pelvis)
once they exit the renal pelvis, the ureters travel inferiorly passing behind the gonadal vessel and in front of the psoas major - next they pass infront of the iliac vessels (going over the bifurcaion of the common iliac vein) and enter the posterior aspect of the bladder
what are the ureterc orfices of the bladder?
located posteriorly, where the ureters dump their urine
what is the internal urethral orfice?
opening of bladder to urethra
IN MALES symphysis pubis is x to the prostate gland
anterior
IN MALES bladder is x to the prostate gland
anterior
IN MALES the seminal vesicles are x to the prostate gland
posterior
IN MALES the pelvic diaphragm is X to the prostate gland
inferior
IN FEMALES uterus is X to the bladder
superior
IN FEMALES the vagina is X to the bladder
posterior
IN FEMALES pelvic diaphragm is X to the bladder
infeior
IN FEMALES the symphysis pubis is X to the bladder
anterior
To get to the uterus, blood goes from the abdominal aorta to
common iliac artery to the internal iliac artery to the uterine artery
to get to the ovaries, blood goes from the abdominal aorta to
the right and left ovarian arteries
to get from the rectum blood goes from the abdominal aorta to
the IMA to the superior rectal artery OR from the abdominal aorta to the internal iliac artery to the middle and inferior rectal arteries
what is the sympathetic innervation of the pelvic viscera
preganglionic neurons in L1 and L2 to the inferior mesenteric ganglion or the inferior hypogastric plexus to finally the pelvic viscera (from either the ganglion or the plexus)
sympathetically, how does the pelvic viscera prevent urination
inhibit the bladder, excite the internal urethral sphincter
sympathetically, how does the pelvic viscera prevent defecation
by inhibiting peristaltic contraction and exciting internal anal sphincter
what does sympathetic innervation do for uterine contraction?
excites it
what is the pathway for parasympathetic innervation of pelvic viscera?
preganglionic neuron S2 S3 S4 exit the spinal cord and become pelvic splanchnic nerves that innervate pelvic viscera
what does parasympathetic innervation inhibit
internal urethral sphincter, internal anal sphincter, and uterine contraction
what does parasympathetic innervation excite
the bladder and peristaltic contraction
